Translating Current Dietary Guidelines Into a Culturally Tailored Nutrition Education Program for Korean American Immigrants With Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Purpose The purpose of this article is to describe the process of translating evidence-based dietary guidelines into a tailored nutrition education program for Korean American immigrants (KAI) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a research process involving researchers and communities to build a collaborative partnership. The study was conducted at a community-based organization. In a total of 79 KAI (intervention, n = 40; control, n = 39) with uncontrolled type 2 DM (A1C ≥7.5%), 44.3% were female and the mean age was 56. 5 ± 7.9 years. A culturally tailored nutrition education was developed by identifying community needs and evaluating research evidence. The efficacy and acceptability of the program was assessed. Results In translating dietary guidelines into a culturally relevant nutrition education, culturally tailored dietary recommendations and education instruments were used. While dietary guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) were used to frame nutrition recommendations, additional content was adopted from the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) guidelines. Culturally relevant intervention materials, such as Korean food models and an individually tailored serving table, were utilized to solidify nutritional concepts as well as to facilitate meal planning. Evaluation of the education revealed significantly increased DM-specific nutrition knowledge in the intervention group. The participants’ satisfaction with the education was 9.7 on a 0 to10-point scale. Conclusion The systematic translation approach was useful for producing a culturally tailored nutrition education program for KAI. The program was effective in improving the participants’ DM-specific nutrition knowledge and yielded a high level of satisfaction. Future research is warranted to determine the effect of a culturally tailored nutrition education on other clinical outcomes. References 1. Schafer RG, Bohannon B, Franz M, et al. Translation of the diabetes nutrition recommendations for health care institutions: technical review. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97:43-51. 2. Narayan KM, Gregg EW, Engelgau MM, et al. Translation research for chronic disease: the case of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1794-1798. 3. Rubin RR, Peyrot M, Saudek CD. Differential effect of diabetes education on self-regulation and life-style behaviors. Diabetes Care. 1991;14:335-338. 4. Haffner SM, Hazuda HP, Mitchell BD, Patterson JK, Stern MP. Increased incidence of type II diabetes mellitus in Mexican Americans. Diabetes Care. 1991;14:102-108. 5. Vijan S, Stuart NS, Fitzgerald JT, et al. Barriers to following dietary recommendation in Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2005;22:32-38. 6. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulponylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352:837-853. 7. Wylie-Rosett J. In: Proceedings from the American Diabetes Association Annual Scientific Sessions ; June 6, 1989. 8. Samanta A, Campbell JE, Spaulding DL, et al. Eating habits in Asian diabetics. Diabet Med . 1986;3:283. 9. Park SY, Paik HY, Skinner JD, Spindler AA, Park HR. Nutrient intake of Korean Americans, Korean, and American adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104:242-245. 10. Lee SK, Sobal J, Frongillo EA Jr. Acculturation and dietary practices among Korean Americans. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:1084-1089. 11. Brown SA, Hanis CL. A community-based, culturally sensitive education and group-support intervention for Mexican Americans with NIDDM: a pilot study of efficacy. Diabetes Educ. 1995;21:203-210. 12. Kim MT, Han HR, Song H, Lee JE, Kim J, Kim KB. A community-based culturally tailored behavioral intervention for Korean Americans with diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2009;35:986-994. 13. Fitzgerald JT, Funnell MM, Hess GE, et al. The reliability and validity of a brief diabetes knowledge test. Diabetes Care. 1998;21: 706-710. 14. Han HR, Kim KB, Kim MT. Evaluation of the training of Korean community health workers for chronic disease management. Health Edu Res. 2007;9:137-146. 15. Franz MJ, Bantle JP, Beebe CA, et al. Evidence-based nutrition principles and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related complications. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:148-198. 16. Korean Diabetes Association Web site. http://www.diabetes .or.kr. Accessed September 28, 2009. 17. Szczepura A. Access to health care for ethnic minority populations. Postgrad Med J. 2005;81:141-147. 18. Resnicow K, Baranowski T, Ahluwalia JS, et al. Cultural sensitivity in public health: defined and demystified. Ethn Dis. 1999;9:10-21. 19. Cooper LA, Hill MN, Powe NR. Designing and evaluating interventions to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in health care. J Gen Intern Med. 2002;17:477-486. 20. Hawthorne K. Asian diabetics attending a British hospital clinic: a pilot study to evaluate their case. Br J Gen Pract. 1990;40: 243-247. 21. Lee JA, Yeo G, Gallagher-Thompson D. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and attitudes towards prevention among Korean American elders. J Cross Cult Gerontol. 1993;8:17-33. 22. Brown JB, Harris SB, Webster-Bogaert S, Wetmore S, Faulds C, Stewart M. The role of patient, physician, and systematic factors in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fam Pract. 2002;19:344-349. 23. Nicolucci A, Cavaliere D, Scorpiglione N, et al. A comprehensive assessment of the avoidability of long-term complications of diabetes: a case-control study. Diabetes Care. 1996;19:927-933. 24. Lonner TD. The group as a basic asset to ethnic minority patients with diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2000;26:645-655. 25. Fisher TL, Burnet DL, Huang ES, Chin MH, Cagney KA. Cultural leverage: interventions utilizing culture to narrow racial disparities in health care. Med Care Res and Rev. 2007;64:243S-282S. 26. Fiscella K, Franks P, Doescher MP, Saver BG. Disparities in health care by race, ethnicity, and language among the insured. Medical Care. 2002;40:52-59.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
When culturally tailored, nutrition education further supports dietary change.
“When culturally tailored, nutrition education further supports dietary change [265, 266, 267].”
From Nutritional priorities to support <scp>GLP</scp> ‐1 therapy for obesity: A joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [266]
The Results (Phase 4; page unavailable) report improved nutrition knowledge after the culturally tailored program, and the Discussion describes how culturally familiar materials helped participants apply dietary guidelines. The paper does not establish that participants changed their diets or that tailoring improved dietary change compared with untailored education. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWhen culturally tailored, nutrition education further supports dietary change.
“When culturally tailored, nutrition education further supports dietary change [[257], [258], [259]].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Franz, M. J., Bantle, J. P., Beebe, C. A., Brunzell, J. D., Chiasson, J.-L., Garg, A., Holzmeister, L. A., Hoogwerf, B., Mayer-Davis, E., Mooradian, A. D., et al. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.1.148 · Cited by 1,165 · see citing works
(1999) · PubMed · Cited by 1,155 · see citing works
Disparities in Health Care by Race, Ethnicity, and Language Among the Insured
Fiscella, K. A., Franks, P. J., Doescher, M. P., & Saver, B. G. (2002) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200201000-00007 · Cited by 917 · see citing works
The Reliability and Validity of a Brief Diabetes Knowledge Test
Fitzgerald, J. T., Funnell, M. M., Hess, G. E., Barr, P. A., Anderson, R. M., Hiss, R. G., & Davis, W. K. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.5.706 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Designing and evaluating interventions to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in health care
Cooper, L. A., Hill, M. N., & Powe, N. R. (2002) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10633.x · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Access to health care for ethnic minority populations
Szczepura, A. (2005) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.026237 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Barriers to following dietary recommendations in type 2 diabetes
Vijan, S., Stuart, N. S., Fitzgerald, J. T., Ronis, D. L., Hayward, R. A., Slater, S., & Hofer, T. P. (2005) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01342.x · Cited by 195 · see citing works
The role of patient, physician and systemic factors in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Brown, J. B. (2002) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/19.4.344 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Increased Incidence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Mexican Americans
Haffner, S. M., Hazuda, H. P., Mitchell, B. D., Patterson, J. K., & D, M. P. S. M. (1991) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.14.2.102 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Translation research for chronic disease: the case of diabetes.
Narayan, K. M. V., Gregg, E. W., Engelgau, M. M., MOORE, B. J., Thompson, T. J., Williamson, D. F., & Vinicor, F. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.12.1794 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Acculturation and Dietary Practices Among Korean Americans
Lee, S., SOBAL, J., & Frongillo, E. A. (1999) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00258-8 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Brown, S. A., & Hanis, C. L. (1995) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/014572179502100307 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Kim, M. T., Han, H., Song, H., Lee, J.-E., Kim, J., Ryu, J. P., & Kim, K. B. (2009) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721709345774 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferential Effect of Diabetes Education on Self-Regulation and Life-Style Behaviors
Rubin, R. R., Peyrot, M. F., & Saudek, C. D. (1991) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.14.4.335 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Asian diabetics attending a British hospital clinic: a pilot study to evaluate their care.
Hawthorne, K. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Evaluation of the training of Korean community health workers for chronic disease management
Han, H., Kim, K. B., & Kim, M. (2006) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyl112 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationNutrient intake of Korean-American, Korean, and American adolescents
Park, S., Paik, H. Y., Skinner, J. D., et al. (2004) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2003.11.015 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Cardiovascular disease risk factors and attitudes towards prevention among Korean-American elders
Lee, J. A., Yeo, G. W., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. E. (1993) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology · doi:10.1007/bf00973797 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationEating habits in Asian diabetics.
Samanta, A., Campbell, J. E., Dl, S., Sk, N., Kk, P., & Burden, A. C. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Translation of the Diabetes Nutrition Recommendations for Health Care Institutions
Schafer, R. G., Bohannon, B., Franz, M. J., Freeman, J., Holmes, A., McLaughlin, S., Haas, L. B., Kruger, D. F., Lorenz, R. A., & McMahon, M. (1997) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(97)00016-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Group as a Basic Asset to Ethnic Minority Patients With Diabetes
Lonner, T. D. (2001) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/014572170102700206 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- [6]UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group Intensive blood-glucose control with sulponylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33) Lancet 1998 352 837 853 9742976
- [7]Wylie-Rosett J Proceedings from the American Diabetes Association Annual Scientific Sessions 6 6 1989
- [23]Nicolucci A Cavaliere D Scorpiglione N A comprehensive assessment of the avoidability of long-term complications of diabetes: a case-control study Diabetes Care 1996 19 927 933 8875084
- [25]Fisher TL Burnet DL Huang ES Chin MH Cagney KA Cultural leverage: interventions utilizing culture to narrow racial disparities in health care Med Care Res and Rev 2007 64 243S 282S 17881628 PMC2505343
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Family interventions to improve diabetes outcomes for adults
Baig, A. A., Benitez, A., Quinn, M. T., & Burnet, D. L. (2015) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12844 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.023 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24336 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The Effect of a Community-Based Self-Help Intervention
Kim, M. T., Kim, K. B., Huh, B., Nguyen, T. H., Han, H., Bone, L., & Levine, D. M. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.04.033 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationJoo, J. Y. (2014) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721714534994 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Rustage, K., Crawshaw, A. F., Majeed‐Hajaj, S., Deal, A., Nellums, L. B., Ciftci, Y., Fuller, S., Goldsmith, L. P., Friedland, J. S., & Hargreaves, S. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053678 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Li-Geng, T., Kilham, J. P., & McLeod, K. M. (2020) · Health Equity · doi:10.1089/heq.2019.0087 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Effectiveness of a Culturally Tailored Diabetes Self-Management Program for Chinese Americans
Sun, A. C., Tsoh, J. Y., Saw, A., Chan, J. L., & Cheng, J. W. (2012) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721712450922 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Okafor, M.-T. C., Carter‐Pokras, O., & Zhan, M. (2014) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2013.11.015 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Understanding Cultural Issues in the Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors of Korean Immigrants
Cha, E., Yang, K., Lee, J., Min, J., Kim, K. H., Dunbar, S. B., & Jennings, B. M. (2012) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721712460283 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationHART, S. G. E., Marnane, C. L., McMaster, C. M., & Thomas, A. (2018) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-018-0192-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Refugee and Migrant Health Literacy Interventions in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Fox, S. D., Kramer, E., Agrawal, P., & Annamalai, A. (2021) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-021-01152-4 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sun, A. C., Cheng, J. W., Bui, Q., Liang, Y., Ng, T., & Chen, J. (2017) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043659617719139 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Culturally tailored interventions of chronic disease targeting Korean Americans: a systematic review
Heo, H.-H., & Braun, K. L. (2013) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2013.857766 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Joo, J. Y., & Liu, M. F. (2019) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/1054773819885952 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Health Literacy in Korean Immigrants at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
CHOI, S. E., Rush, E. B., & Henry, S. L. (2012) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-012-9672-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100181 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants
Baumeister, A., Aldin, A., Chakraverty, D., Hübner, C., Adams, A., Monsef, I., Skoetz, N., Kalbe, E., & Woopen, C. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013303.pub2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Translation and Validation of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension for Koreans Intervention
Kim, H., Song, H., Han, H., Kim, K. B., & Kim, M. T. (2013) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0b013e318262c0c1 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationMozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J. P., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S. M., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2026.100269 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Muchiri, J. W., Gericke, G. J., & Rheeder, P. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-021-00744-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cultural Relevancy of Culinary and Nutritional Medicine Interventions: A Scoping Review
Villalona, S., Ortiz, V., Castillo, W. J., & Laumbach, S. G. (2021) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276211006342 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Bhaloo, T., Juma, M., & Criscuolo-Higgins, C. (2017) · Chronic Illness · doi:10.1177/1742395317736372 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Pettersson, S., Hadziabdic, E., Marklund-Bau, H., & Hjelm, K. (2018) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.217 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gross, O., de Andrade, V., & Gagnayre, R. (2017) · Santé Publique · doi:10.3917/spub.174.0551 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Tolentino, D. A., Ali, S., Jang, S. Y., Kettaneh, C. A., & Smith, J. (2022) · Health Equity · doi:10.1089/heq.2021.0083 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Vasconcelos, C. E. G. D. C., Almeida, A., Cabral, M., Ramos, E., & Mendes, R. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16132403 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Health Care Utilization and Hypertension Management in Community-Based Elderly Korean Immigrants
Sin, M., & Hirsch, A. M. (2012) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-012-9721-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Aldin, A., Baumeister, A., Chakraverty, D., Monsef, I., Noyes, J., Kalbe, E., Woopen, C., & Skoetz, N. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013302.pub2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Developing Culturally Targeted Diabetes Educational Materials for Older Russian-Speaking Immigrants
Son, C. R. V. (2014) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721714528247 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rowse, J., Cash, S., Vilsoi, J., & Rose’Meyer, R. B. (2013) · International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries · doi:10.1007/s13410-013-0115-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Korean Americans: A Systematic Review
Shin, C., Keller, C. S., Sim, J., Im, E., Belyea, M. J., & Ainsworth, B. E. (2018) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/1054773818793602 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Plan for the Implementation and Evaluation of Diet Education in Type 2 Diabetes
Ramsumeer, S. (2016) · ScholarWorks (Walden University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Raj, M., Peters, H., Bakare, J. O., Zhou, F., Lakshmikanth, V. C., Vaughan, J., Gatzke, L., Berry, M., Khan, N. A., Terán-Garcı́a, M., et al. (2025) · JAMIA Open · doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaf129 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zheng, L., Ge, G., Wen, S., & Bruce, A. B. (2026) · Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development · doi:10.5304/jafscd.2026.152.008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Agbelese, M. O. (2024) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/7870424 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Social and cultural aspects of living with type 2 diabetes for ethnic minorities in Canada
Namdarimoghaddam, P. (2020) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The lifestyle and health of Saudi women with special reference to type 2 diabetes mellitus
Al‐Bannay, H. (2013) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0071992
Soria‐Contreras, D. C. (2013) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3959s
Asaad, G. (2016) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r32f7jw97
Deng, F. (2016) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3wh2dp0s
Moore, D. (2021) · University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)
Choi, Y. (2012) · doi:10.1093/obo/9780195389678-0141
Cang, Q., Bacon, C. J., Lim, A. G., & Daly, B. M. (2025) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2025.2602618
- Authors
- Song, H.-J., Han, H.-R., Lee, J.-E., Kim, J., Kim, K. B., Nguyen, T., & Kim, M. T.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Catholic University of Korea (KR)
- Kyungwoon University (KR)
- Venue
- The Diabetes Educator
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-07-22
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 752-760
- ISSN
- 0145-7217 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-6063
- PMC
- PMC4156872
- OpenAlex
- W2028204876
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (HCC002154)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R34DK071957)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR-00052, M01RR000052)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Cultural Competency in Health Care
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Dietetics, Nutrition, and Education
- Keywords
- Korean immigrants in the United States, type 2 diabetes, dietary guidelines, meal planning, diabetes self-management education, diabetes knowledge, program acceptability, community-based participatory research, American Diabetes Association guidelines, culturally appropriate health education, immigrant health disparities, Korean Americans
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Diabetic, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Translating, United States, Nutrition Assessment, Emigrants and Immigrants, Republic of Korea
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
