The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Wealth and the Inflated Self: Class, Entitlement, and Narcissism
Abstract
Americans may be more narcissistic now than ever, but narcissism is not evenly distributed across social strata. Five studies demonstrated that higher social class is associated with increased entitlement and narcissism. Upper-class individuals reported greater psychological entitlement (Studies 1a, 1b, and 2) and narcissistic personality tendencies (Study 2), and they were more likely to behave in a narcissistic fashion by opting to look at themselves in a mirror (Study 3). Finally, inducing egalitarian values in upper-class participants decreased their narcissism to a level on par with their lower-class peers (Study 4). These findings offer novel evidence regarding the influence of social class on the self and highlight the importance of social stratification to understanding basic psychological processes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352 · Cited by 36,654
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.40.3.879 · Cited by 34,117
(1991) · Cited by 7,187
Adler, N. E., Epel, E. S., Castellazzo, G., & Ickovics, J. R. (2000) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.19.6.586 · Cited by 5,080
Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory.
Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076760 · Cited by 3,703
Spencer, S. J., Zanna, M. P., & Fong, G. T. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.845 · Cited by 2,452
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890 · Cited by 2,273
The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost always do Better
Johnston, R. (2009) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2009.10.003 · Cited by 2,045
Controlling other people: The impact of power on stereotyping.
Fiske, S. T. (1993) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.6.621 · Cited by 1,585
Having less, giving more: The influence of social class on prosocial behavior.
Piff, P. K., Kraus, M. W., Côté, S., Cheng, B. H., & Keltner, D. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020092 · Cited by 1,478
Self-citation
Cited by
Awe, the small self, and prosocial behavior
Piff, P. K., Dietze, P., Feinberg, M., Stancato, D. M., & Keltner, D. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000018 · Cited by 1,214
Self-citationMiller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., McCain, J. L., Few, L. R., Crego, C., Widiger, T. A., & Campbell, W. K. (2016) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2015_29_177 · Cited by 287
A Large Scale Test of the Effect of Social Class on Prosocial Behavior
Korndörfer, M., Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S. C. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133193 · Cited by 255
Subjective socioeconomic status causes aggression: A test of the theory of social deprivation.
Greitemeyer, T., & Sagioglou, C. (2016) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000058 · Cited by 202
Martin, S. R., Côté, S., & Woodruff, T. (2016) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2015.0680 · Cited by 155
Metadata
- Authors
- Piff, P. K.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-08-20
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-43
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2164545374
- Cited by
- 363
- References
- 51
- FWCI
- 19.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Wealth and the Inflated Self: Class, Entitlement, and Narcissism. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0146167213501699
- The paper
- Piff, P. K. (2014). Wealth and the Inflated Self: Class, Entitlement, and Narcissism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213501699
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.