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The Burden of Stigma on Health and Well-Being: A Taxonomy of Concealment, Course, Disruptiveness, Aesthetics, Origin, and Peril Across 93 Stigmas
Open accessAbstract
Most individuals are stigmatized at some point. However, research often examines stigmas separately, thus underestimating the overall impact of stigma and precluding comparisons across stigmatized identities and conditions. In their classic text, Social Stigma: The Psychology of Marked Relationships, Edward Jones and colleagues laid the groundwork for unifying the study of different stigmas by considering the shared dimensional features of stigmas: aesthetics, concealability, course, disruptiveness, origin, peril. Despite the prominence of this framework, no study has documented the extent to which stigmas differ along these dimensions, and the implications of this variation for health and well-being. We reinvigorated this framework to spur a comprehensive account of stigma’s impact by classifying 93 stigmas along these dimensions. With the input of expert and general public raters, we then located these stigmas in a six-dimensional space and created discrete clusters organized around these dimensions. Next, we linked this taxonomy to health and stigma-related mechanisms. This quantitative taxonomy offers parsimonious insights into the relationship among the numerous qualities of numerous stigmas and health.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pachankis, J. E., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Wang, K., Burton, C. L., Crawford, F. W., Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pachankis, John E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-12-31
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 451-474
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- PMC
- PMC5837924
- OpenAlex
- W2781876295
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13
- FWCI
- 34.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH109413, T32MH020031)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA032558)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (DP2HD091799)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- stigma, well-being, social stigma
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Health, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Healing, Social Stigma, Self Report
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