The DOI matches its Crossref record; 99 of the 99 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mindfulness and Its Association With Varied Types of Motivation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using Self-Determination Theory
Abstract
Mindfulness has been shown to have varied associations with different forms of motivation, leading to a lack of clarity as to how and when it may foster healthy motivational states. Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study proposes a theoretical model for how mindfulness supports different forms of human motivation, and then tests this via meta-analysis. A systematic review identified 89 relevant studies ( N = 25,176), comprising 104 independent data sets and 200 effect sizes. We used a three-level modeling approach to meta-analyze these data. Across both correlational and intervention studies, we found consistent support for mindfulness predicting more autonomous forms of motivation and, among correlational studies, less controlled motivation and amotivation. We conducted moderation analyses to probe heterogeneity in the effects, including bias within studies. We conclude by highlighting substantive and methodological issues that need to be addressed in future research in this area.
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“This explanation is consistent with recent findings from the perspective of SDT [19, 28, 50, 78] (see also Howell and Buro [31] and Grund and Senker [55] for related findings).”
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The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01 · Cited by 34,210
Self-citationIntrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020 · Cited by 18,666 · cited 1×
“Intrinsic motivation is the most autonomous form of motivation and is the driving force behind engagement in activities out of genuine interest and enjoyment (Ryan & Deci, 2000).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448
Self-citationUsing Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511 · cited 3×
“These differences in definition are reflected in different mindfulness measures, which tap unitary (e.g., Brown & Ryan, 2003), bifactor (e.g., Cardaciotto et al., 2008; Feldman et al., 2007), and multifactor dimensions (e.g., Baer et al., 2006; see Siegling & Petrides, 2014, for a review).”
BackgroundMindfulness: A proposed operational definition.
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., et al. (2004) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph077 · Cited by 7,234
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“In contrast, mindfulness has been linked to a lack of ego-involvement (Heppner et al., 2008) or the transcendence of a narrow, rigid, and conceptualized sense of self (Hayes et al., 2006; Karremans & Papies, 2017; Sahdra et al., 2016; Shapiro et al., 2006).”
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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2021) · Motivation Science · doi:10.1037/mot0000194 · Cited by 536
Self-citationEngagement in digital interventions.
Nahum-Shani, I., Shaw, S. D., Carpenter, S. M., Murphy, S. A., & Yoon, C. (2022) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000983 · Cited by 177
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Self-citationMindfulness and Motivation: A Process View Using Self-Determination Theory
Ryan, R. M., Donald, J. N., & Bradshaw, E. L. (2021) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09637214211009511 · Cited by 158
Self-citationCiarrochi, J., Sahdra, B., Hofmann, S. G., & Hayes, S. C. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.02.001 · Cited by 77
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Metadata
- Authors
- Donald, J. N., Bradshaw, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Basarkod, G., Ciarrochi, J., Duineveld, J. J., Guo, J., & Sahdra, B. K.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Australian Catholic University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Donald, James N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-12-30
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1121-1138
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2997194387
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- mindfulness, motivation, self-determination theory, autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, amotivation, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Personal Autonomy, Mindfulness
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