Developing an item pool to assess processes of change in psychological interventions: The Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT)
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PBAT positive items predict good health and vitality, whereas negative processes are linked to sadness, anxiety, stress, anger and lack of social support.
“The original research on PBAT criterion validity showed that positive items predict good health and vitality, whereas negative processes are linked to sadness, anxiety, stress, anger and lack of social support [78].”
Recent methodological developments, such as the Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT), use machine learning-based variable selection to identify constructs with the strongest predictive value for mental health outcomes.
“For example, recent methodological developments, such as the Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT), use machine learning-based variable selection to identify constructs with the strongest predictive value for mental health outcomes, 40,41 offering a novel approach for this purpose.”
From Differential associations of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes with psychological distress across racial groups. (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
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Hayes, S. C., Ciarrochi, J., Hofmann, S. G., Chin, F., & Sahdra, B. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104155 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
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Self-citationCojocaru, C.-M., Popa, C. O., Schenk, A., Jakab, Z., Suciu, B. A., Olah, P., Popoviciu, H., & Szasz, S. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14040327 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The original research on PBAT criterion validity showed that positive items predict good health and vitality, whereas negative processes are linked to sadness, anxiety, stress, anger and lack of social support [78].”
BackgroundMethodLappalainen, A.-L., Keinonen, K., Lappalainen, P., Lappalainen, R., Kaipainen, K., Puolakanaho, A., & Kiuru, N. (2025) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2024.2437637 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jo, D., Im, S., Lee, E., Sundström, F., & Yang, E. (2025) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-025-10693-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jo, D., deDios, C. I. C., An, K., & Valdez Morales, E. M. (2026) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2026.2727944
- Authors
- Ciarrochi, J., Sahdra, B., Hofmann, S. G., & Hayes, S. C.
- Affiliations
- Australian Catholic University (AU)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ciarrochi, Joseph
- Hayes, Steven C.
- Venue
- Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 23
- Pages
- 200-213
- ISSN
- 2212-1447 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4211035740
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6
- FWCI
- 9.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- process-based therapy, change processes, item pool development, intensive longitudinal data, need satisfaction, need thwarting, psychological intervention, measurement validation
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