Therapeutic Touch and Agitation in Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease
Abstract
Limited effective strategies exist to alleviate or treat disruptive behaviors in people with Alzheimer's disease. Fifty-one residents of a long-term care facility with Alzheimer's disease were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups. A multiple time series, blinded, experimental design was used to compare the effectiveness of therapeutic touch, simulated therapeutic touch, and usual care on disruptive behavior. Three forms of disruptive behavior comprised the dependent variables: physical aggression, physical nonaggression, and verbal agitation. Physical nonaggressive behaviors decreased significantly in those residents who received therapeutic touch compared with those who received the simulated version and the usual care. No significant differences in physically aggressive and verbally agitated behaviors were observed across the three study groups. The study provided preliminary evidence for the potential for therapeutic touch in dealing with agitated behaviors by people with dementia. Researchers and practitioners must consider a broad array of strategies to deal with these behaviors.
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The findings are in line with the need-driven, dementia-compromised behaviour theory of Algase et al and the hypothesis of Kitwood & Bredin that behaviours arise from need and occur when care is task-driven not person-centred.
“This is in line with the need-driven, dementia-compromised behaviour theory of Algase et al , 54 and the hypothesis of Kitwood & Bredin that behaviours arise from need and occur when care is task-driven not personcentred (relevant to all neuropsychiatric symptoms). 55”
From Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials (2014) · cites this paper as [55]
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Stapleton, P., Baumann, O., & Church, D. (2023) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-83251-265-4
ผลของการดแลแบบฮวแมนนจดโดยผดแลตอพฤตกรรมกระวนกระวายของผสงอายภาวะสมองเสอม
พุฒิวัฒนธราดล, ธ., & เกศพิชญวัฒนา, จ. (2017) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2017.1085
Collinge, W., Kozak, L. E., Mist, S. D., & Soltysik, R. C. (2025) · Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health · doi:10.1177/27536130241309851
Sá, R., Quitério, R. J., & Neto, G. P. (2026) · OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.21926/obm.icm.2602021
Sá, R., Quitério, R. J., & Neto, G. P. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8155083/v2
Taktil massage vid vård av personer med demens och äldre personer med demensliknande symtom
Makhoul, N. (2010) · Dalarna University College Electronic Archive
Effect of Therapeutic Touch in Treating Agitation of Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease
Ashfeld, M. (2011) · SOPHIA (St. Catherine University)
- Authors
- Hawranik, P., Johnston, P., & Deatrich, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- Self-Employed
- Health Sciences Centre (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Hawranik, Pamela
- Venue
- Western Journal of Nursing Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-09-25
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 417-434
- ISSN
- 0193-9459 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8456
- OpenAlex
- W2136366257
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Western Journal of Nursing Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Biofield Effects and Biophysics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Keywords
- therapeutic touch, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, agitation, disruptive behavior, physical aggression, verbal agitation, long-term care residents
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Double-Blind Method, Female, Geriatric Nursing, Humans, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Nursing Assessment, Psychomotor Agitation, Severity of Illness Index, Clinical Nursing Research, Nursing Evaluation Research, Geriatric Assessment, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Holistic Nursing, Therapeutic Touch
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