The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Linguistic Style Matching in Social Interaction
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to determine the psychometric properties of language in dyadic interactions. Using text-analysis, it was possible to assess the degree to which people coordinate their word use in natural conversations. In Experiments 1 (n = 130) and 2 (n = 32), college students interacted in dyadic conversations in laboratory-based private Internet chat rooms. Experiment 3 analyzed the official transcripts of the Watergate tapes involving the dyadic interactions between President Richard Nixon and his aids H. R. Haldeman, John Erlichman, & John Dean. The results of the three studies offer substantial evidence that individuals in dyadic interactions exhibit linguistic style matching (LSM) on both the conversation level as well as on a turn-by-turn level. Furthermore, LSM is unrelated to ratings of the quality of the interaction by both participants and judges. We propose that a coordination-engagement hypothesis is a better description of linguistic behaviors than the coordination-rapport hypothesis that has been proposed in the nonverbal literature.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Linguistic styles: language use as an individual difference
Pennebaker, J. W., & King, L. A. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1296 · Cited by 1,961
Self-citationLinguistic predictors of adaptive bereavement
Pennebaker, J. W., Mayne, T. J., & Francis, M. E. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.863 · Cited by 970
Self-citationThe nature of rapport and its nonverbal correlates
Tickle-Degnen, L., & Rosenthal, R. (1990) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0104_1 · Cited by 960 · cited 2×
“On the surface, the findings are inconsistent with the coordination-rapport hypothesis (e.g., Tickle-Degnen & Rosenthal, 1990)—wherein it has been argued that the more two people like one another, the more their nonverbal behaviors should be coordinated.”
Result
Cited by
Psychological Aspects of Natural Language Use: Our Words, Our Selves
Pennebaker, J. W., Mehl, M. R., & Niederhoffer, K. G. (2003) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145041 · Cited by 2,624
Self-citationThe Development and Psychometric Properties of LIWC2015
Pennebaker, J. W., Boyd, R. L., Jordan, K., & Blackburn, K. (2015) · University of Texas at Austin · doi:10.15781/t25p41 · Cited by 1,674
Self-citationGatt, A., & Krahmer, E. (2018) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research · doi:10.1613/jair.5477 · Cited by 776
The Antecedents and Consequences of Human Behavioral Mimicry
Chartrand, T. L., & Lakin, J. L. (2013) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143754 · Cited by 662
Mehl, M. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.857 · Cited by 508
Metadata
- Authors
- Niederhoffer, K. G., & Pennebaker, J. W.
- Venue
- Journal of Language and Social Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 337-360
- ISSN
- 0261-927X (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6526
- OpenAlex
- W2114030807
- Cited by
- 562
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 46.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Linguistic Style Matching in Social Interaction. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/026192702237953
- The paper
- Niederhoffer, K. G., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2002). Linguistic Style Matching in Social Interaction. Journal of Language and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/026192702237953
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
