Linguistic predictors of adaptive bereavement

Pennebaker, James W.; Mayne, Tracy J.; Francis, Martha E.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.863

Cited by 970Mental Health via WritingGrief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthIdentity, Memory, and Therapy

Linguistic predictors of adaptive bereavement

Pennebaker, James W., Mayne, Tracy J., Francis, Martha E.·1997·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.863

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Abstract

The words people use in disclosing a trauma were hypothesized to predict improvements in mental and physical health in 2 studies. The first study reanalyzed data from 6 previous experiments in which language variables served as predictors of health. Results from 177 participants in previous writing studies showed that increased use of words associated with insightful and causal thinking was linked to improved physical but not mental health. Higher use of positive relative to negative emotion words was also associated with better health. An empirical measure that was derived from these data correlated with subsequent distress ratings. The second study tested these models on interview transcripts of 30 men who had lost their partners to AIDS. Cognitive change and empirical models predicted postbereavement distress at 1 year. Implications of using computer-based text analyses in the study of narratives are discussed.

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The more detailed, insightful, and extensive the disclosures are, the less posttraumatic symptoms they are likely to experience and the better their outcomes tend to be.
“Further, the more detailed, insightful, and extensive the disclosures are, the less posttraumatic symptoms they are likely to experience and the better their outcomes tend to be, demonstrating the utility of trauma-related disclosure for facilitating trauma processing (Pennebaker et al., 1997;Pérez et al., 2017;Ullman & Filipas, 2005).”
From Feeling pressured to talk about trauma: How pressure to disclose alters the association between trauma disclosure and posttraumatic growth (2023) · cites this paper as Pennebaker et al., 1997
Use of cognitive words in trauma narratives might reflect the elaboration process.
“Use of cognitive words in trauma narratives might reflect this elaboration process (15, 16).”
From Early Linguistic Markers of Trauma-Specific Processing Predict Post-trauma Adjustment (2018) · cites this paper as [16]

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Authors: Pennebaker, J. W., Mayne, T. J., & Francis, M. E.
Affiliations: Southern Methodist University (US)
ORCID: Pennebaker, James W.
Mayne, Tracy J.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1997
Volume: 72
Issue: 4
Pages: 863-871
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.863
OpenAlex: W2056473508
Cited by: 970
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 64
FWCI: 25.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH052391, MH52391, MH440045)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Keywords: bereavement, adaptive coping, trauma disclosure, language use, health outcomes, emotional words, causal reasoning, posttraumatic distress, narrative analysis
MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anxiety, Bereavement, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Psycholinguistics, Verbal Behavior, Writing, Homosexuality, Male

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Linguistic predictors of adaptive bereavement

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