Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 2,359

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Educational Leadership: A Field of Inquiry and Practice

Hart, Ann Weaver·1999·Educational Management & Administration

Abstract

Changes in educational leadership and administration over the past decade and a half represent a shift from traditional, social science-based approaches to more cognitively based views of the field. In addition, a heightened interest in the connections between the way educational leaders think and their actions has led to expanded emphasis on practice-based knowledge and in-service preparation programs for school leaders. In North America, where pre-service, formal training dominated, practice-based education, internships, and authentic evaluation received more emphasis. In the UK, where in-service professional development dominated, formal cognate learning is being enhanced. These developments suggest a broadening of approaches to educational leadership education stretching across the professional life of the practitioner.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0263211x990273008

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 29

  1. Barrows, H.S., 1988, The Tutorial Process
  2. Bolman, Lee G., 1993, Cognitive Perspectives on Educational Leadership, 21
  3. Bridges, Edwin, 1992, Problem Based Learning for Administrators
  4. Bridges, Edwin M. (1993) The Prospective Principals’ Program at Stanford University. Preparing Tomorrow’s School Leaders: Alternative Designs, pp. 39–56. University Park, PA: University Council for Educational Administration.
  5. Bridges, Edwin M., 1993, Cognitive Perspectives on Educational Leadership, 253
  6. Campbell, R., 1987, A History of Thought and Practice in Educational Administration
  7. CCSSO, 1996, Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium: Standards for School Leaders. A publication of the Council of Chief State School Officers
  8. Cuban, Larry, 1993, Cognitive Perspectives on Educational Leadership, ix
  9. Department for Education and Employment, 1999, Teachers: Meeting the Challenge of Change
  10. Forsyth, P.B., 1992, School Leadership, 23
  11. Hallinger, Philip, 1995, UCEA Review, 34, 1
  12. Hallinger, Philip, 1993, Cognitive Perspectives on Educational Leadership
  13. Hart, A.W., 1996, The Principalship: A Theory of Professional Learning and Practice
  14. Hart, A.W., 1999, The Reform of the Profession: A Self-Portrait
  15. 10.1007/978-94-009-1573-2_11 · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1573-2_11
  16. Kerchner, Charles, 1993, Cognitive Perspectives on Educational Leadership, 5
  17. Leithwood, Kenneth, 1995, Expert Problem Solving: Evidence from School Leaders
  18. Leithwood, K., 1995, Expert Problem Solving: Evidence from School Leaders, 281
  19. Murphy, J., 1999, Handbook of Research on Educational Administration
  20. NASDTEC, 1996, Manual of Certification and Preparation of Educational Personnel in the U.S. and Canada
  21. Ohde, Kathleen L., 1993, Cognitive Perspectives on Educational Leadership, 75
  22. Pounder, D.G., 1989, Journal of Personnel Evaluation, 2, 123, 10.1007/BF00127175 · doi:10.1007/bf00127175
  23. 10.1177/105268469500500203 · doi:10.1177/105268469500500203
  24. Prestine, N., 1993, Cognitive Perspectives on Educational Leadership, 192
  25. Reyes, Pedro, 1994, UCEA Review, 35, 1
  26. 10.1177/0013161X95031002009 · DOI
  27. Schon, Donald A., 1983, The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action
  28. Schon, Donald A., 1987, Educating the Reflective Practitioner
  29. University Council for Educational Administration, 1992, UCEA Review, 33, 1

Cited by

See all 2,359

Metadata

Authors
Hart, A. W.
Venue
Educational Management & Administration
Published
1999-07
Volume
27
Issue
3
Pages
323-334
ISSN
0263-211X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2039514935
Cited by
2,359
References
0
FWCI
707.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Educational Leadership: A Field of Inquiry and Practice. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0263211x990273008
The paper
Hart, A. W. (1999). Educational Leadership: A Field of Inquiry and Practice. Educational Management & Administration. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211x990273008

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.