Conceptualizing the carceral in carceral geography

“…as ‘carceral geographies’, a field of studies that includes investigations of carceral regimes in the management of refugees and other recent manifestations of detention, concentration and imprisonment camps (see, among others, ; Gill et al., 2017; Moran et al., 2017; Turner and Peters, 2017).”

“The approach of carceral geographers resonates with our own orientation to the extent that they too are concerned with multiple sites considering specifically the analytical entwining of imprisonment and migrant detention and with the subjective experiences of confinement (see Moran et al. 2017).”

“Noting the mobility of carceral tactics, carceral geographers have called for a broader conceptualization of carcerality to include electronic monitoring, post-release reporting requirements, and other punitive approaches to poverty and social risk (Moran et al., 2018).”

“Studies of prisons as built environments have recently emerged in the new subdiscipline of carceral geography (Moran, 2015; Moran et al., 2017).”

“Moran et al. (2017) highlight three “conditions” of carcerality—intent, detriment, and spatiality—which together frame incarceration as the use of space to intentionally impose harm.”

“Although the carceral may refer to a prison-like institution or situation rather than a prison per se, asylum camps are often described as ‘quasicarceral’ (Moran et al., 2013; Minca and Ong, 2016; Moran et al., 2018).”

“Carceral geography is an emerging subfield of geography, which pays attention to the impact and meaning of physical prison space (Moran, 2013b; Moran et al., 2017).”

“We should also recognise the challenge from the black abolitionist tradition, which reminds us that the acceptance and melioration of coercive institutions in the present can become the deferral of justice in the future (see for instance Moran et al., 2017; Espada in Camp and Heatherton, 2016b).”

“…– or what we call simply the carceral state – is the state at its most coercive: cement and steel bars, cuffs, batons, and an arsenal of weapons held by police, parole officers, and prisons to maintain control over those members of society deemed most in need of containment” (Morrell, 2018, p. 51).”

“For instance, carceral warehousing has drawn the attention of scholars who have explored the transformations affecting carceral spaces and highlighted the diffusion of the logic of confinement beyond prisons (Gill et al., 2018; Moran et al., 2018).”

“A focus on material violence and death in carceral spaces falls in line with recent debates over conceptualizing the character of carceral space in the subdiscipline (Hamlin and Speer, 2018; Moran et al., 2018).”

“In recent years geographers have increasingly turned their attention to spaces of captivity, holding, detention, quarantine and imprisonment (see Conlon 2011; Loyd et al. 2013; Martin and Mitchelson 2009; Moran 2015; Moran et al. 2017; Turner 2016).”

“In recent years, the rapidly expanded subfield of carceral geographies has sought to build upon ‘a punitive turn’ (cf. Allspach, 2010; Philo, 2012; Moran, 2013, 2015; Moran et al., 2018).”

“…et al. 2018, for an overview), critical geographies of police and policing (see Bloch 2021, for a recent review), the carceral state (Cassidy 2019; Moran, Turner, and Schliehe 2018), feminist theorizing of bodily autonomy (see Chakravarty, Feldman, and Penney 2020, for a recent review) and of ‘…”

“For a review of partially similar approaches in the broader field of carceral geographies, see also Moran, Turner, and Schliehe (2017).”

“Previous scholarship calls for future research to “trace the ways in which the techniques of the prison are disseminated to more diffuse carceral forms” and to explore the lived experience of this carcerality (Moran et al., 2017: 676).”

“…of public spaces in neoliberal cities have developed research in carceral geography in order to study how ‘techniques and technologies of confinement leach into everyday domestic, street, and institutional spaces’ (Moran, Turner, and Schliehe 2018, 670; see also Gill et al. 2018; Martin 2019).”

“Additionally, Foucauldian-inspired works on carceral geographies have long acknowledged how the law permeates the body and affectively shapes the body’s everyday movements in space (for an overview, see Moran et al., 2017).”

“As we have seen in aged care, ‘what is not intended to punish’ can nonetheless ‘deliver significant harm’ (Moran et al., 2018).”

“…pushes it further by stressing that not only carcerality extends beyond the camp and the prison, as scholars have pointed out (Gill et al. 2018; Moran, Turner, and Schliehe 2018) but also, and more specifically, asylum procedures are intertwined with and under-pinned by carceral mechanisms,…”

“, 2012), the data then suggest that carcerality refers to the existence of carceral spatial ‘fixes’ beyond the prison proper (Allspach, 2010) as much as it does to former prisoners’ embodied experiences of (im-)mobilities and the tensions that arise from these (Moran et al., 2018).”

“…geography has also reflected on the processes and practices that render particular social and racial groups illicit (Shantz, 2017), providing insights into the extension of neoliberal policies and how this process has brought prison logics into the realm of everyday life (Moran et al., 2018).”

“Such risks were actively navigated (Hall and Bates, 2019), but in so doing, a further layer of unfreedom materialises; a sense of carcerality (Moran et al., 2018).”

“More specifically, the term “carceral geography” identifies a broad set of authors and studies that altogether focus on the carceral as an organizational model to control and govern individuals’ mobilities (Moran, 2016; Moran et al., 2018).”

“Such racialisation also manifested itself in the restrictive and carceral conditions (Moran, Turner, and Schliehe 2018) that characterised these temporary housing arrangements.”

“Book-length monographs or collections have delimited and developed the subfield (e.g., Dear and Taylor 1982; Dear and Wolch 1987; C. J. Smith and Giggs 1988; Philo 2004; Parr 2008; Curtis 2010) and review articles can be cited (e.g., Philo 1986, 1997, 2005; Holley 1998; Wolch and Philo 2000; Jones 2007; McGeachan and…”

“…sub-discipline of carceral geographies has examined a growing diversity of spaces of incarceration, including within immigration detention (Moran et al., 2018; Turner and Peters, 2017), the use of hotels (also hostels, motels, and apartments), have evaded sustained and comparative…”

“The prison or camp is less a distinct architectural or institutional form, and more a modality or technique of power, distinguished by controlled and coerced (im)mobilities, surveillance, and logics of detriment and deterrence (Moran et al., 2018; Russell, 2020; Turner and Whyte, 2022).”

“These constantly draw studies of the carceral back to the prison, stretching its connection with an increasingly diverse set of practices (Moran et al., 2018).”

“ysis, the article draws heavily from theoretical developments in carceral geography, most notably the distinction between compact and diffuse carceral models (Moran et al., 2018).”

“…studies on prison architecture, design and carceral geography have carved open a space within debates on punishment and penal policy (Moran, 2015; Moran et al., 2018), it cannot be said that this body of research has produced a substantive evidence base to support the claims behind the…”

“Meanwhile Moran, Turner, and Schliehe (2017) trace the carceral beyond the confines of prison spaces and contend that carcerality is achieved in spaces where detriment, intentionality and spatial confinement coalesce.”

“There is an emerging scholarship on prison abolition activism in the United States that identifies the co-existence of multiple and varied forms of carcerality (Moran et al., 2018).”

“…management of race ” (McKittrick, 2011: 955; see also Gilmore, 2007) are front of mind for critical geographers within the still-growing sub fi eld of carceral geographies (Bloch and Olivares-Pelayo, 2021; Bonds, 2019; Gill et al., 2018; Massaro and Boyce, 2021; Moran, 2016; Moran et al., 2018).”

“Scholarship on carceral geographies has, in the past couple of decades, developed a granular reading of the diverse spatialities of containment that come to be read as carceral – within and beyond prisons (Gill et al., 2018; Moran et al., 2018).”

“…negatively affects young people’s well-being and health (Nowak, 2019), as well as the shared experiences of harm across various carceral spaces (Moran et al., 2018), we note the need for future researchers to consider the impact of sport and physical activity in non-custody spaces that…”

“Moran et al. (2018) argue that three conditions de fi ne the carceral: detriment, the lived experience of harm; intent, an external agent actively imposing that detriment; and spatiality, through which “ the carceral is achieved ” (p. 679).”

“In conceptualising conditions which bear upon carcerality itself (Moran et al., 2018), carceral geographers have also suggested that spaces of extraordinary rendition (Moran et al.”

“As geographers have demonstrated, however, carcerality and carceral conditions operate on a spectrum (Hamlin and Speer, 2018; Moran et al., 2018).”

“…the structures of cis-heteronorma-tive paternalism and transphobic administrative camp administration (both community-based and formal) creates what Moran, Turner, and Schliehe (2018) terms as “carceral geography” implying the multi-scalar structural, political and economic impediments (punitive…”

“For example, people in immigrant detention are not punished intentionally per se, but may feel the exclusion from society and the precarity as punishment [18].”

“Another aspect of carceral geography is the fact that issues of confinement reach into the everyday spaces of the so-called ‘free society’ (Moran et al., 2017) where the noncarceral population comes into contact, albeit unwilling and unintentionally, with the prison population.”

“Carceral mobility, madness, and un-archived colonial homes Moran et al. (2018) have charted the emergence of carceral studies within and beyond geography.”