The DOI matches its Crossref record; 101 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Autism Spectrum Disorders: Early Detection, Intervention, Education, and Psychopharmacological Management
Abstract
Our understanding and treatment of children with autism have changed dramatically since Leo Kanner first formally documented the disorder in 1943. With reference to the historical context, this paper reviews recent research addressing 4 major issues: early detection, intervention, education, and psychopharmacological management of children with autism and related (autistic) spectrum disorders (hereafter, “autism”). We conclude from our review of the evidence that, in the absence of additional, more compelling data, the clinical usefulness of existing screening instruments remains questionable. However, the potential importance of such research is underscored by the clear benefits of early behavioural intervention: despite differences in orientation, outcomes for children with autism can be significantly enhanced with early intensive intervention. Although many questions remain (notably, What are the critical therapeutic components? For whom? For what domains of development? For what level of intensity and duration?), interventions shown to be effective are all carefully planned, engineered, monitored, and designed to target specific skill domains. Including children with autism in regular classes within the public school system poses several challenges, the most pressing of which is the large number of school personnel who need to be trained in evidence-based teaching and behavioural management practices. Finally, psychotropic drugs may help to reduce some symptoms, but they are neither curative nor a substitute for other forms of support and intervention.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065
(1943) · The Nervous child · Cited by 8,870
Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., Pickles, A., & Rutter, M. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005592401947 · Cited by 7,520
Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children.
Lovaas, O. I. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.55.1.3 · Cited by 3,288
Wing, L., & Gould, J. (1979) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01531288 · Cited by 2,587 · cited 1×
“Thanks, however, to the thoughtful and innovative work of Lorna Wing and her colleagues (12,13), we now recognize that autism is the most extreme form of a spectrum of related disorders (including Asperger syndrome and other less severe autistic variants).”
Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders
(2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939352 · Cited by 2,250
The Handbook of School Psychology
Reynolds, C. R., & Gutkin, T. B. (1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,864
Risperidone in Children with Autism and Serious Behavioral Problems
McCracken, J. T., McGough, J., Shah, B., Cronin, P., Hong, D., Aman, M. G., Arnold, L. E., Lindsay, R., Nash, P., Hollway, J., et al. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa013171 · Cited by 1,574
Robins, D. L., Fein, D., Barton, M. L., & Green, J. A. (2001) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1010738829569 · Cited by 1,563
Educating Children with Autism
Lord, C. (2001) · Cited by 1,499
Cited by
CaV1.2 Calcium Channel Dysfunction Causes a Multisystem Disorder Including Arrhythmia and Autism
Splawski, I., Timothy, K. W., Sharpe, L. M., Decher, N., Kumar, P., Bloise, R., Napolitano, C., Schwartz, P. J., Joseph, R. M., Condouris, K., et al. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.09.011 · Cited by 1,586
The Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Newschaffer, C. J., Croen, L. A., Daniels, J., Giarelli, E., Grether, J. K., Levy, S. E., Mandell, D. S., Miller, L. A., Pinto-Martin, J., Reaven, J., et al. (2007) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144007 · Cited by 1,228
Evidence-Based Comprehensive Treatments for Early Autism
Rogers, S. J., & Vismara, L. A. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410701817808 · Cited by 984
Self-citationRacial/Ethnic Disparities in the Identification of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Mandell, D. S., Wiggins, L. D., Carpenter, L. A., Daniels, J., DiGuiseppi, C., Durkin, M. S., Giarelli, E., Morrier, M. J., Nicholas, J. S., Pinto-Martin, J. A., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.131243 · Cited by 946
Disparities in Diagnoses Received Prior to a Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Mandell, D. S., Ittenbach, R. F., Levy, S. E., & Pinto-Martin, J. A. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0314-8 · Cited by 533
Metadata
- Authors
- Bryson, S. E., Rogers, S. J., & Fombonne, E.
- Venue
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 506-516
- ISSN
- 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
- 1497-0015
- OpenAlex
- W2107100690
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 101
- FWCI
- 5.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Autism Spectrum Disorders: Early Detection, Intervention, Education, and Psychopharmacological Management. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/070674370304800802
- The paper
- Bryson, S. E., Rogers, S. J., & Fombonne, E. (2003). Autism Spectrum Disorders: Early Detection, Intervention, Education, and Psychopharmacological Management. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800802
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
