The DOI matches its Crossref record; 137 of the 137 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Persistence of Folly: A Critical Examination of Dissociative Identity Disorder. Part I. The Excesses of an Improbable Concept
Abstract
Objective: To examine the concept of dissociative identity disorder (DID). Method: We reviewed the literature. Results: The literature shows that 1) there is no proof for the claim that DID results from childhood trauma; 2) the condition cannot be reliably diagnosed; 3) contrary to theory, DID cases in children are almost never reported; and 4) consistent evidence of blatant iatrogenesis appears in the practices of some of the disorder's proponents. Conclusions: DID is best understood as a culture-bound and often iatrogenic condition.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These alters often vary in memory access, self -image, and gender identity (Piper and Merskey, 2004).”
From Examining the linguistic and behavioural patterns of gender identity in women with dissociative identity disorder (2025) · cites this paper as Piper and Merskey, 2004
In the citing paper
“This pattern aligns with trauma-narrative structures in DID (Piper and Merskey, 2004).”
From Examining the linguistic and behavioural patterns of gender identity in women with dissociative identity disorder (2025) · cites this paper as Piper and Merskey, 2004
Citations
Cites
James, W. (1891) · Personality Culture Society · doi:10.1037/11059-000 · Cited by 25,876
Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
Oyler, M. D., Kinsey, A., Pomeroy, W. B., Martin, C. E., & Gebhard, P. (1954) · Harvard Law Review · doi:10.2307/1336986 · Cited by 4,609
Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies
Kendall-Tackett, K. A., Williams, L. M., & Finkelhor, D. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.164 · Cited by 2,537
Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1954) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/34.1.50 · Cited by 2,242
The Discovery of the Unconscious
ELLENBERGER, H. F. (1970) · Max Planck Digital Library · Cited by 1,931
A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse
Beitchman, J. H., Zucker, K. J., Hood, J. E., daCosta, G. A., Akman, D., & Cassavia, E. (1992) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(92)90011-f · Cited by 1,378
Dissociation and the fragmentary nature of traumatic memories: Overview and exploratory study
van Der Kolk, B. A., & Fisler, R. (1995) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490080402 · Cited by 1,262
The discovery of the unconscious
Eysenck, H. J. (1970) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(70)90061-6 · Cited by 1,031
A meta-analytic examination of assumed properties of child sexual abuse using college samples.
Rind, B., Tromovitch, P., & Bauserman, R. L. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.22 · Cited by 982
The clinical phenomenology of multiple personality disorder: review of 100 recent cases.
Putnam, F. W., Guroff, J. J., Silberman, E. K., Barban, L., & Post, R. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 747
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 37
- Mohr WK, 2002, Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 40, 23
- Piper A, 2000, J Psychiatry Law, 28, 149
- Spiegel D., 1991, American Psychiatric Press annual review of psychiatry. Volume 10, 261
- Coons PM, 1986, J Clin Psychiatry, 47, 106
- Kluft RP, 1996, Severe stress and mental disorder in children, 411
- Braun BG, 1985, Childhood antecedents of multiple personality, 37
- Kluft RP, 1993, Dissociation, 6, 87
- Putnam FW, 1986, J Clin Psychiatry, 47, 285
- Ross CA, 1995, Dissociative identity disorder: Theoretical and treatment controversies, 413
- Kluft RP, 1995, Dissociation, 8, 253
- McNally RJ, 2003, Remembering Trauma
- Coons PM, 1986, Newsletter of the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 4, 6
- Ross CA, 1990, Hosp Community Psychiatry, 41, 328
- Kluft RP, 1995, Dissociative identity disorder: Theoretical and treatment controversies, 347
- Ross CA, 1989, Multiple personality disorder: Diagnosis, clinical features, and management
- Kluft RP, 1987, Hosp Community Psychiatry, 38, 363
- Plumer WS, 1860, Harper's Magazine, 20, 807
- Mills CK, 1888, Transactions of the College of Physicians, 10, 89
- Skae D., 1845, New Journal of Medicine, 4, 10
- Azam E., 1876, Réview scientifique (2me serie) 26 May, 10, 481
- Camuset L., 1882, Annals Médico-Psychologiques, 7, 75
- Richet C., 1883, Révue Philosophique, 15, 225
- Bourru H, 1885, Révue Philosophique, 20, 411
- Janet P., 1887, Révue Philosophique, 23, 449
- Janet P., 1888, Révue Philosophique, 25, 238
- Janet P., 1889, L'automatisme psychologique
- Janet P., 1913, L'automatisme psychologique. 7ieme Jd
- de Rochas A., 1887, Revue Philosophique, 5, 330
- Janet J., 1888, Révue Philosophique, 41, 616
- Proust A., 1890, et Physiologie, 4, 267
- Dailey AH, 1894, Mollie Fancher: The Brooklyn enigma
- Prince M., 1900, The problem of multiple personality
- Sidis B, 1904, Multiple personality
- Sizemore CS, 1977, I'm Eve
- Kluft RP, 1988, Dissociation, 1, 47
- Hendrickson KM, 1990, Dissociation, 3, 218
- Ganaway GK, 1989, Dissociation, 2, 205
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–108 of 108
Kapfhammer, H. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_73-1
(2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-27414-6_10
(2015) · Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht eBooks · doi:10.13109/9783666402470.553
(2016) · Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht eBooks · doi:10.13109/9783666402616.639
Boysen, G. A. (2012) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000334249
FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY AND FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY | Multiple Personality Disorder
Hucker, S. J. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine · doi:10.1016/b0-12-369399-3/00169-5
Évaluer et prendre en charge le trouble dissociatif de l'identité
Binet, É. (2025) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.binet.2025.01.0295
Les effets du trouble du stress post-traumatique de la guerre chez les civils irakiens
Al-Ogaidi, F. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3b9665f9zae7ez4854zb609zc378e399ff40
Metadata
- Authors
- Piper, A., & Merskey, H.
- Affiliations
- Independent practitioner, Seattle, Washington
- Western University (CA)
- Venue
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 592-600
- ISSN
- 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
- 1497-0015
- OpenAlex
- W152780911
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- dissociative identity disorder, childhood trauma, diagnostic reliability, iatrogenesis, culture-bound syndromes, psychiatric diagnosis, psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Dissociative Disorders, Humans, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review