The effect of housing first on housing stability for people with mental illness and low intellectual functioning
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Housing First (HF) has been linked to increased tenure in housing for homeless people with mental illness, but the effect of HF on housing stability for people with borderline or lower intellectual functioning has not been examined. This study of homeless adults with mental illness in Toronto, Ontario assessed whether the association between housing stability and HF differed for adults with borderline or lower intellectual functioning, compared to adults with above borderline intellectual functioning. METHOD: This study included 172 homeless adults with mental illness from the Toronto site of the At Home-Chez Soi randomized trial that compared receiving HF relative to treatment as usual. This sample was divided into two intellectual functioning groups: 1) adults with borderline or lower intellectual functioning (IQ < 85, 16%), and 2) adults with above borderline intellectual functioning (IQ ≥ 85, 84%). We compared these groups by modelling the percentage of days stably housed using a linear multivariable generalized estimating equation and included interaction between treatment and intellectual functioning. An interaction between treatment and time was also included. RESULTS: There were no overall differences in housing stability for individuals with borderline or lower intellectual functioning compared to people with higher than borderline intellectual functioning in either the HF or the treatment as usual groups. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to demonstrate that for homeless adults with mental illness, borderline or lower intellectual functioning did not significantly affect housing stability. This accentuates the need for more research and potentially wider consideration of their inclusion in housing interventions, such as HF.
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Housing First effectively stably houses people across the lifespan who have a mental illness, use substances, have chronic medical conditions, frequent emergency departments, and have cognitive and intellectual disabilities.
“This includes people across the lifespan who have a mental illness, use substances, have chronic medical conditions, frequent emergency departments, and have cognitive and intellectual disabilities (Chung et al., 2018; Durbin et al., 2018; Kerman et al., 2020a; Kozloff et al., 2016; Peng et al., 2020; Stergiopoulos et al., 2019b; Urbanoski et al., 2017).”
From Harm reduction outcomes and practices in Housing First: A mixed-methods systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as Durbin et al., 2018
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Self-citationHarm reduction outcomes and practices in Housing First: A mixed-methods systematic review
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- Authors
- Durbin, A., Lunsky, Y., Wang, R., Nisenbaum, R., Hwang, S. W., O’Campo, P., & Stergiopoulos, V.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
- Corresponding author
- Durbin, Anna
- Venue
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-06-19
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 785-789
- ISSN
- 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
- 1497-0015
- PMC
- PMC6299190
- OpenAlex
- W2808781645
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 3.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Mental Health Commission of Canada
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban and Rural Development Challenges
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- Housing First, housing stability, homelessness, mental illness, intellectual functioning, borderline intellectual functioning, housing interventions, usual care
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