The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A New Scale for Use with Diverse Groups
Abstract
Ethnic identity is an important component of the self-concept and, like other aspects of identity, can be particularly salient during adolescence. Most research on ethnic identity has focused on the unique elements that distinguish particular ethnic groups. However, it is important as well to study and compare ethnic identity and its correlates across groups. This article presents a questionnaire measure of ethnic identity based on the elements of ethnic identity that are common across groups, so that it can be used with all ethnic groups. The questionnaire was administered to 417 high school students and 136 college students from ethnically diverse schools. Reliability, assessed by Cronbach 's alpha, was .81 for the high school sample and .9Ofor the college sample. The relationship of ethnic identity to various demographic variables and to self-esteem was examined. The measure can be used to examine similarities and differences in ethnlic identity and its correlates among youths from different ethnic groups.
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In the citing paper
“In response to Black racial identity models, Phinney (1992), a developmental psychologist, introduced the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM).”
From Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context (2022) · cites this paper as Phinney, 1992
In the citing paper
“When scales such as the MEIM and EIS are employed, white youth consistently report lower ERI than their BIPOC peers (Phinney, 1992; Walker & Syed, 2013), regardless of which aspect is measured.”
From Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context (2022) · cites this paper as Phinney, 1992
In the citing paper
“Scales designed to measure the process and content of ERI development among racially minoritized individuals focus on constructs such as group belonging, importance, and understanding (Phinney, 1992; Sellers et al., 1998; Umaña‐Taylor et al., 2004).”
From Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context (2022) · cites this paper as Phinney, 1992
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review.
Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0016059 · Cited by 4,427
Immigrant Youth: Acculturation, Identity, and Adaptation
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Self-citationConceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions.
Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.271 · Cited by 2,127
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Metadata
- Authors
- Phinney, J. S.
- Affiliations
- California State University Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Phinney, Jean S.
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescent Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1992-04
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 156-176
- ISSN
- 0743-5584 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6895
- OpenAlex
- W2119721601
- Cited by
- 3,813
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 98 · 2025: 125 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 131 · 2022: 133 · 2021: 179 · 2020: 148 · 2019: 168 · 2018: 129 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 209 · 2015: 180 · 2014: 203 · 2013: 195 · 2012: 213
- FWCI
- 32.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescent Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- ethnic identity, Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, self-concept, adolescents, university students, self-esteem, cross-ethnic comparison
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