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Longitudinal Associations Among Bullying, Homophobic Teasing, and Sexual Violence Perpetration Among Middle School Students
Open accessAbstract
Bullying perpetration and sexual harassment perpetration among adolescents are major public health issues. However, few studies have addressed the empirical link between being a perpetrator of bullying and subsequent sexual harassment perpetration among early adolescents in the literature. Homophobic teasing has been shown to be common among middle school youth and was tested as a moderator of the link between bullying and sexual harassment perpetration in this 2-year longitudinal study. More specifically, the present study tests the Bully–Sexual Violence Pathway theory, which posits that adolescent bullies who also participate in homophobic name-calling toward peers are more likely to perpetrate sexual harassment over time. Findings from logistical regression analyses ( n = 979, 5th-7th graders) reveal an association between bullying in early middle school and sexual harassment in later middle school, and results support the Bully–Sexual Violence Pathway model, with homophobic teasing as a moderator, for boys only. Results suggest that to prevent bully perpetration and its later association with sexual harassment perpetration, prevention programs should address the use of homophobic epithets.
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“there is a link between the use of homophobic insults and committing bullying in early adolescence and sexual harassment years later (Espelage et al. 2015).”
From “It’s just a joke”: gender, sexuality and trivialisation in adolescent online violence such as cyberhate, cyberbullying, and online grooming (2025) · cites this paper as Espelage et al. 2015
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Metadata
- Authors
- Espelage, D. L., Basile, K. C., De La Rue, L., & Hamburger, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, IL, USA
- Venue
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-10-13
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 2541-2561
- ISSN
- 0886-2605 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6518
- PMC
- PMC4699677
- OpenAlex
- W2142713933
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 11.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Association of University Women
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1U01/CE001677, U01CE001677)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Keywords
- bullying perpetration, junior high school students, early adolescents, bullying prevention, boys
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Schools, Sex Offenses, Students, Sexual Harassment, Bullying, Homophobia
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