The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Reproducing Labor Inequalities: Challenges for Feminists Conceptualizing Care at the Intersections of Gender, Race, and Class
Abstract
The author uses census data to assess the consequences of two alternative theoretical formulations of care work for understanding the intersections of gender, race, and economic inequalities in paid care. The nurturance conceptualization focuses on care as relationship while the reproductive labor framework includes both relational and nonrelational jobs that maintain and reproduce the labor force. An empirical application of both models to the labor market shows that placing increasing theoretical emphasis on nurturant care privileges the experiences of white women and excludes large numbers of very-low-wage workers from consideration.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1993) · Cited by 5,568
(1941) · Research in International Economics by Federal Agencies · doi:10.7312/schw92626-009 · Cited by 4,682
Internal Labor Markets and Manpower Analysis.
Stoikov, J., Doeringer, P. B., & Piore, M. J. (1972) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.2307/2521766 · Cited by 2,987
Internal Labor Markets and Manpower Analysis: With a New Introduction
Doeringer, P. B., & Piore, M. J. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003069720 · Cited by 1,893
Integrated Public Use Microdata Series
Ruggles, S., Genadek, K., Goeken, R., Grover, J., & Sobek, M. (2015) · Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation · doi:10.18128/d010.v6.0 · Cited by 1,485
Glenn, E. N. (1992) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/494777 · Cited by 1,465
Feeding the Family: The Social Organization of Caring as Gendered Work.
Ciurea, M., & DeVault, M. (1993) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.2307/2524247 · Cited by 1,266
The Power of Women and the Subversion of the Community
Dalla Costa, M., & James, S. (2017) · Class · doi:10.1002/9781119395485.ch7 · Cited by 1,107
Capitalism, Patriarchy, and Job Segregation by Sex
Hartmann, H. (1976) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/493283 · Cited by 975
Wages of Virtue: The Relative Pay of Care Work
England, P., Budig, M., & Folbre, N. (2002) · Social Problems · doi:10.1525/sp.2002.49.4.455 · Cited by 715
Cited by
Doing the Dirty Work: Gender, Race, and Reproductive Labor in Historical Perspective
Duffy, M. (2007) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243207300764 · Cited by 377
Self-citationRethinking Care Ethics: On the Promise and Potential of an Intersectional Analysis
HANKIVSKY, O. (2014) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055414000094 · Cited by 287
Intersectionality, work, and well-being: The effects of gender and disability.
Brown, R. L., & Moloney, M. E. (2019) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243218800636 · Cited by 110
The concept of care: Insights, challenges and research avenues in COVID-19 times
Daly, M. (2021) · Journal of European Social Policy · doi:10.1177/0958928720973923 · Cited by 95
High-Touch and Here-to-Stay: Future Skills Demands in US Low Wage Service Occupations
Gatta, M., Boushey, H., & Appelbaum, E. (2009) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038509340735 · Cited by 75
Metadata
- Authors
- Duffy, M.
- Venue
- Gender & Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2005-02
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 66-82
- ISSN
- 0891-2432 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3977
- OpenAlex
- W1965806922
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 34
- FWCI
- 8.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Reproducing Labor Inequalities: Challenges for Feminists Conceptualizing Care at the Intersections of Gender, Race, and Class. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0891243204269499
- The paper
- Duffy, M. (2005). Reproducing Labor Inequalities: Challenges for Feminists Conceptualizing Care at the Intersections of Gender, Race, and Class. Gender & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243204269499
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
