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Validation of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group Diagnostic Assessment for Dementia in Arabic: A Study in Lebanon
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: In the North Africa and Middle East region, the illiteracy rates among older people are high, posing a great challenge to cognitive assessment. Validated diagnostic instruments for dementia in Arabic are lacking, hampering the development of dementia research in the region. The study aimed at validating the Arabic version of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group (DRG) diagnostic assessment for dementia to determine whether it is suitable for case ascertainment in epidemiological research. Methods: A total of 244 participants older than 65 years were included, 100 with normal cognition and 144 with mild to moderate dementia. Dementia was diagnosed by clinicians according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) criteria. Depression was diagnosed using the Geriatric Mental State. Trained interviewers blind to the cognitive status of the participants administered the 10/66 DRG diagnostic assessment to the participants and interviewed the caregivers. The discriminatory ability of the 10/66 DRG assessment and its subcomponents were evaluated against the clinical diagnoses. Results: Half of the participants had no formal education and 49% of them were depressed. The 10/66 DRG diagnostic assessment showed excellent sensitivity (92.0%), specificity (95.1%), positive predictive value (PPV, 92.9%), and low false-positive rates among controls with no formal education (8.1%) and depression (5.6%). Each subcomponent of the 10/66 DRG diagnostic assessment independently predicted dementia diagnosis. The predictive ability of the 10/66 DRG assessment was superior to that of its subcomponents. Conclusion: The 10/66 DRG diagnostic assessment for dementia is well suited for case ascertainment in epidemiological studies among Arabic-speaking older population with high prevalence of illiteracy.
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The overall predictive ability of the 10/66 DRG diagnostic assessment and the DemeGraph were comparable, both having AUC of 0.97.
“The overall predictive ability of the 10/66 DRG diagnostic assessment and the DemeGraph were comparable, both having AUC of 0.97 [10,7].”
From Dementia prevalence, care arrangement and access to care in Lebanon: a pilot study (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
The Methods (page unavailable) say the study evaluated the 10/66 assessment’s predictive ability using AUROC, and the Results describe its excellent discriminatory performance. Our copy does not establish an AUC of 0.97 or compare the assessment with DemeGraph; searches for “0.97” and “DemeGraph” did not resolve those parts of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDementia and depression were assessed using the 10/66 Dementia Research Group diagnostic assessment and the Geriatric Mental State (GMS).
“Dementia and depression were assessed by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group (DRG) diagnostic assessment and the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) (Phung et al, 2014).”
From Dementia and family burden of care in Lebanon (2017) · cites this paper as Phung et al, 2014
The Arabic validated 10/66 DRG diagnostic assessment has excellent discriminatory ability to diagnose dementia among older people with low education (sensitivity 92.0%, specificity 95.1%, PPV 92.9%).
“The Arabic validated 10/66 DRG diagnostic assessment has demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability to diagnose dementia among older people with low education: 92.0% sensitivity, 95.1% specificity, and 92.9% positive predictive value (PPV) [7].”
From Dementia prevalence, care arrangement and access to care in Lebanon: a pilot study (2017) · cites this paper as [7]
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Dementia prevalence, care arrangement and access to care in Lebanon: a pilot study
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“In the Arabic language, educational, and cultural contexts, we had demonstrated that the 10/66 DRG diagnostic assessment has excellent psychometric properties to diagnose dementia [7].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationChaaya, M., Phung, T. K. T., El Asmar, K., Atweh, S., Ghusn, H., Khoury, R. M., Prince, M., Nielsen, T. R., & Waldemar, G. (2016) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1043620 · Cited by 51
Self-citationPhung, T. K. T., Chaaya, M., Asmar, K., Atweh, S., Ghusn, H., Khoury, R. M., Prince, M., & Waldemar, G. (2015) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000437092 · Cited by 44
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Self-citationDementia and family burden of care in Lebanon
Chaaya, M., Phung, K., Atweh, S., El Asmar, K., Karam, G., Khoury, R., Ghandour, L., Ghusn, H., Assaad, S., Prince, M., et al. (2017) · BJPsych. International · doi:10.1192/s2056474000001574 · Cited by 17
“Dementia and depression were assessed by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group (DRG) diagnostic assessment and the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) (Phung et al, 2014).”
MethodSelf-citationChaaya, M., Assaad, S., Darwish, H., Haber, M., Khoury, R., Saab, D., El Asmar, K., & Hajjar, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Dementia · doi:10.3389/frdem.2024.1494719 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Phung, K. T. T., Chaaya, M., Waldemar, G., Atweh, S., Asmar, K., Ghusn, H., Karam, G., Sawaya, R., Khoury, R. M., Zeinaty, I., Salman, S., Hammoud, S., Radwan, W., Bassil, N., & Prince, M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, The Neuroscience Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- American University of Beirut (LB)
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- American University of Beirut Medical Center (LB)
- Saint George Hospital (LB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-04-25
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 282-290
- ISSN
- 0891-9887 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5708
- PMC
- PMC4209200
- OpenAlex
- W2170694593
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 2.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r21ag039333-02)
- National Institute on Aging (R21AG039333-01, R21 AG039333)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- Arabic translation, cross-cultural validation, illiteracy, older adults, case ascertainment, dementia epidemiology, depression, sensitivity and specificity, Arabic-speaking populations
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dementia, Depression, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Language, Lebanon, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sensitivity and Specificity, Translating, Reproducibility of Results, Prevalence, Case-Control Studies, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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