Exploring Online Structures on Chinese Government Portals: Citizen Political Participation and Government Legitimation
Abstract
This article explores the communicative structures of Chinese government web sites and their implications for citizen political participation. Taking issue with the party-state's dubious claim of building a transparent, service-oriented, and democratic administration, the study analyzed web features on 31 Chinese provincial government portals. The UN's e-participation framework was adapted to locate venues for citizen involvement. The results suggest that by manipulating online structures, Chinese government resorts to more subtle forms of online social control through information delivery, agenda setting, and containment of public dissent. Limited improvement in administrative efficiency and transparency serves the dual role of deflating social tension and reestablishing party legitimacy. Paradoxically, citizens' political participation may generate unintended consequences of incremental reform of China's local governance and political institutions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Habermas, J. (1996) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/1564.001.0001 · Cited by 10,019 · see citing works
Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy
Lipset, S. M. (1959) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1951731 · Cited by 7,050 · see citing works
Orlikowski, W. J. (2000) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.11.4.404.14600 · Cited by 4,760 · see citing works
Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age
Bostaph, S., & Barber, B. R. (1985) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1059650 · Cited by 3,994 · see citing works
Between facts and norms: contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy
Sweetman, B. (1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-2995 · Cited by 3,574 · see citing works
Deliberative Democracy and Beyond
Dryzek, J. S. (2002) · doi:10.1093/019925043x.001.0001 · Cited by 1,815 · see citing works
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
Troy, J. (2005) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-80802-8_11 · Cited by 1,654 · see citing works
D ELIBERATIVE D EMOCRATIC T HEORY
Chambers, S. (2003) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.6.121901.085538 · Cited by 1,296 · see citing works
Politics as Usual: The Cyberspace “Revolution”
Margolis, M., & Resnick, D. (2000) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452233475 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
Bowling Together: Online Public Engagement in Policy Deliberation
Coleman, S. R., & Gøtze, J. (2001) · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Direct democracy: the politics of initiative, referendum, and recall
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-0567 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
China´ s Communist Party: Atrophy and Adaptation
Lam, W. W.-L. (2008) · Contemporary Southeast Asia · doi:10.1355/cs30-2n · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Social Science Computer Review
(1987) · Social Science Microcomputer Review · doi:10.1177/089443938700500420 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Media, Market, and Democracy in China: Between the Party Line and the Bottom Line.
Sperling, G. B. (1999) · Pacific Affairs · doi:10.2307/2672402 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Deliberative Democracy and Beyond
Schultz, D. A. (2003) · International Studies in Philosophy · doi:10.5840/intstudphil200335475 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
White, G., Howell, J. A., & Xiaoyuan, S. (1996) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198289562.001.0001 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Media, Market, and Democracy in China: Between the Party Line and the Bottom Line
Zhao, Y. (1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Cronin, T. E. (1989) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674330092 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Open Networks, Closed Regimes: The Impact of the Internet on Authoritarian Rule
Rodan, G. (2004) · Political Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/20202383 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
China's Communist Party: Atrophy and Adaptation
Shambaugh, D. (2008) · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Open Networks, Closed Regimes: The Impact of the Internet on Authoritarian Rule
Ikenberry, G. J., Kalathil, S., & Boas, T. C. (2003) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20033442 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Chadwick, A. (2003) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439303256372 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Election Campaigning on the WWW in the USA and UK
Gibson, R., Margolis, M., Resnick, D., & Ward, S. J. (2003) · Party Politics · doi:10.1177/135406880391004 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Lynch, D. C. (1999) · Stanford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9780804780018 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
You've Got Dissent: Chinese Dissident Use of the Internet and Beijing's Counter-Strategies
Cohen, E. A., Chase, M., & Mulvenon, J. (2002) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20033371 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
In Search of Civil Society: Market Reform and Social Change in Contemporary China
Yang, D. L., White, G., Howell, J., & Shang, X. (1996) · Cited by 139 · see citing works
After the propaganda state: media, politics, and "thought work" in reformed China
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-3011 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Margolis, M., & Resnick, D. (2000) · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The Democratic Implications of Civil Society in China
He, B. (1997) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-25574-0 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
The Search for Deliberative Democracy in China
Leib, E. J., & He, B. (2006) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780312376154 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Using E-Government to Reinforce Government—Citizen Relationships
Seifert, J. W., & Chung, J. (2008) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439308316404 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The democratic implications of civil society in China
He, B. (. (1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1776 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Emerging Electronic Infrastructures
Grönlund, Å. (2003) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439302238971 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Hartford, K. (2005) · China Information · doi:10.1177/0920203x05054682 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Schneider, S. M., & Foot, K. (2002) · Javnost - The Public · doi:10.1080/13183222.2002.11008799 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The Architecture of Control: a Chinese Strategy for e-Governance
Kluver, R. (2005) · Journal of Public Policy · doi:10.1017/s0143814x05000218 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Lollar, X. L. (2005) · Journal of Contemporary China · doi:10.1080/10670560500331682 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Will the government ‘serve the people’?
Zhang, J. (2002) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614440222226325 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
E-Government in China: A Content Analysis of National and Provincial Web Sites
Zhou, X. (2006) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2004.tb00297.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Guiding Hand: The Role of the ccp Central Propaganda Department in the Current Era
Brady, A. (2016) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004302488_027 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Holzer, M., & Kim, S.-T. (2006) · Fachinformationen für Politikwissenschaft, Verwaltungswissenschaft und Kommunalwissenschaften (Institut für Friedensforschung und Sicherheitspolitik) · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Guiding Hand: The Role of the CCP Central Propaganda Department in the Current Era
Brady, A. (2017) · Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture · doi:10.16997/wpcc.15 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
(2003) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-59140-060-8 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ainsworth, S., Hardy, C., & Harley, B. (2005) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318905276562 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cyberspace and the Public Sphere
Dahlberg, L. (1998) · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/135485659800400108 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Designing Deliberative Democracy in Cyberspace: The Role of the Cyber-LawyerPreprint
Noveck, B. S. (2003) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.432120 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Rights and resistance: The changing contexts of the dissident movement
PEI, M. (2010) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203856314-7 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The electronic face of government in the internet age: borrowing from Murray Edelman
Chadwick, A. (2001) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/13691180127055 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Electronic Markets and Activist Networks: The Weight of Social Logics in Digital Formations
Sassen, S. (2009) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400831616.54 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Will China Democratize? Confronting a Classic Dilemma
Oksenberg, M. C. (1998) · Journal of democracy · doi:10.1353/jod.1998.0014 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Boas, T. C. (2004) · Current History · doi:10.1525/curh.2004.103.677.438 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
E-government as institutional transformationPreprint
Meijer, A. J., & Zouridis, S. (2004) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 54 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
eParticipation research: Moving characterization forward (2006–2011)
Medaglia, R. (2012) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2012.02.010 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Earl, J. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl8198 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Manufacturing Consent in Cyberspace: China's “Fifty-Cent Army”
Han, R. (2015) · Journal of Current Chinese Affairs · doi:10.1177/186810261504400205 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Battering Ram, Virus, or Beta-Institution? A Case Study of Chinese Local Government Microblogging
Schlæger, J., & Jiang, M. (2013) · China Information · doi:10.1177/0920203x14533901 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationHyun, K. D., & Kim, J. (2015) · Information, Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2014.994543 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Chinese Social Media and Big Data: Big Data, Big Brother, Big Profit?
Jiang, M., & Fu, K. (2018) · Policy & Internet · doi:10.1002/poi3.187 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationThe diffusion of e-participation in public administrations: A systematic literature review
Steinbach, M., Sieweke, J., & Süß, S. (2019) · Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce · doi:10.1080/10919392.2019.1552749 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Which Social Media Facilitate Online Public Opinion in China?
Stockmann, D., & Luo, T. (2017) · Problems of Post-Communism · doi:10.1080/10758216.2017.1289818 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Predictors of on-line services and e-participation: A cross-national comparison
Gulati, G. J. “., Williams, C. B., & Yates, D. J. (2014) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2014.07.005 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Challenging Official Propaganda? Public Opinion Leaders on Sina Weibo
Nip, J. Y. M., & Fu, K. (2016) · The China Quarterly · doi:10.1017/s0305741015001654 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
E-Government Use and Perceived Government Transparency and Service Capacity
Jun, K.-N., Feng, W., & Wang, D. (2014) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.2753/pmr1530-9576380106 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Microblogs and the Adaptation of the C hinese P arty‐ S tate's Governance Strategy
Noesselt, N. (2013) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.12045 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Chan, K. N., & Zhao, S. (2015) · Policy Studies Journal · doi:10.1111/psj.12138 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Chen, X., & Wang, X. (2012) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2011.12.009 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Askay, D. A. (2014) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444814535190 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Toepfl, F. (2016) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444816675444 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Unleashing Innovation beyond Organizational Boundaries: Exploring Citizensourcing Projects
Schmidthuber, L., & Hilgers, D. (2017) · International Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/01900692.2016.1263656 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Usurping Public Leisure Space for Protest
Arora, P. (2014) · Space and Culture · doi:10.1177/1206331213517609 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
How Chinese Officials Use the Internet to Construct Their Public Image
Pan, J. (2017) · Political Science Research and Methods · doi:10.1017/psrm.2017.15 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Coelho, T. R., Pozzebon, M., & Cunha, M. A. (2021) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12359 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Schulz, D., & Newig, J. (2014) · Environmental Policy and Governance · doi:10.1002/eet.1655 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Ingrams, A. R., & Schachter, H. L. (2019) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13049 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Is Consultation the “New Normal?”: Online Policymaking and Governance Reform in China
Balla, S. J. (2017) · Journal of Chinese Political Science · doi:10.1007/s11366-017-9484-9 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Designing authoritarian deliberation: how social media platforms influence political talk in China
Stockmann, D., Luo, T., & Shen, M. (2019) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2019.1679771 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Trust in the System: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Usefulness of the E-Filing System
Thominathan, S., & Ramayah, T. (2017) · Integrated series on information systems/Integrated series in information systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59442-2_5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Gu, D., Khan, S., Khan, I. U., & Khan, S. U. (2019) · Mobile Information Systems · doi:10.1155/2019/1490617 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
E-government in China: deployment and driving forces of provincial government portals
Wu, Y., & Bauer, J. M. (2010) · Chinese Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/17544750.2010.499633 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Impacts of Digital Literacy on Citizen Civic Engagement—Evidence from China
Li, Y., & Li, G. (2022) · Digital Government Research and Practice · doi:10.1145/3532785 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Understanding the Impact of Political Structure, Governance and Public Policy on E-Government
Gulati, G. J. “., Yates, D. J., & Williams, C. B. (2012) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2012.617 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Santini, R. M., & de Carvalho, H. F. (2019) · Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society · doi:10.1108/jices-02-2019-0016 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Predictors of on-line services and e-participation
Williams, C. B., Gulati, G. J. “., & Yates, D. J. (2013) · Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research · doi:10.1145/2479724.2479752 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Talking to Strangers: Chinese Youth and Social Media
Wang, T. (2013) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wang, H., Cai, T., Mou, Y., & Shi, F. (2017) · Chinese Sociological Review · doi:10.1080/21620555.2017.1341813 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Online Consultation and Citizen Feedback in Chinese Policymaking
Balla, S. J., & Liao, Z. (2013) · Journal of Current Chinese Affairs · doi:10.1177/186810261304200306 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Assessing political participation on the Internet in contemporary China
Xu, P., Ye, Y., & Zhang, M. (2018) · Chinese Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/17544750.2018.1445119 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Jiang, M., & Okamoto, K. E. (2014) · Policy & Internet · doi:10.1002/1944-2866.poi353 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationOnline Participation Chaos: A Case Study of Chinese Government-Initiated E-Polity Square
Zhang, W., Xu, X., Hui, Z., & Chen, Q. (2016) · International Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/01900692.2015.1072218 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Henman, P. W. F., Graham, T., & Lata, L. N. (2021) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2021.101575 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
E-Governance and Political Modernization: An Empirical Study Based on Asia from 2003 to 2014
Xia, S. (2017) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci7030025 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Yang, Z., & Feng, J. (2023) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2023.101263 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
E-participation in contemporary China: A comparison with conventional offline participation
Xu, P., Johnson, K., & Rundlett, A. (2022) · Chinese Public Administration Review · doi:10.1177/15396754221107115 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Santini, R. M., & Carvalho, H. (2019) · Comunicação e Sociedade · doi:10.17231/comsoc.36(2019).2350 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Digital government and air pollution inequality: Evidence from Chinese cities
Zhou, M., & Du, X. (2025) · Economic Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2025.107301 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Neagli, J. P. (2021) · Journal of Current Chinese Affairs · doi:10.1177/1868102621989717 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Yang, X., Chen, L., & Wei, R. (2023) · International Journal of Public Opinion Research · doi:10.1093/ijpor/edac037 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effects of the internet and sociocultural factors on budget transparency and accountability
Sayogo, D. S., & Harrison, T. M. (2012) · Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research · doi:10.1145/2307729.2307733 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Microblogs in China : bringing the state back in
Noesselt, N. (2013) · Fachinformationen für Politikwissenschaft, Verwaltungswissenschaft und Kommunalwissenschaften (Institut für Friedensforschung und Sicherheitspolitik) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A World Through the Camera Phone Lens: a Case Study of Beijing Camera Phone Use
Gai, B. (2009) · Knowledge, technology & policy/Knowledge in society/Knowledge, technology, & policy · doi:10.1007/s12130-009-9084-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
eParticipation and the policy cycle
Coelho, T. R., Cunha, M. A., & Pozzebon, M. (2017) · Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research · doi:10.1145/3085228.3085277 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
E-Totem, Digital Locative Media to Support E-Participation in Cities
Furtado, V., Lima, L., Chagas, D. A., Pinheiro, V. C. M., Caminha, C., Furtado, E. S., & Mafra, M. L. P. (2019) · International Journal of Electronic Government Research · doi:10.4018/ijegr.2019070101 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Once Accessing the Internet, Less Trusting of Local Officials?
You, Y., Yu, S., & Xiao, S. (2022) · Society · doi:10.1007/s12115-022-00758-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bolívar, M. P. R. (2017) · Public administration and information technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61762-6_12 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Beyond Technology: Accelerating the Digital Transformation Across Chinese Provincial Governments
Qin, H., Yu, L., & Huang, C. (2025) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.1080/15309576.2025.2492326 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yang, Y., & Wu, J. (2013) · Public Administration Quarterly · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yan, X.-F., & Wang, C. (2021) · Chinese Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/17544750.2021.1915833 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhang, W., & Min, L. (2021) · Encounters between East and West · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5028-4_15 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
An empirical study of the role of e-government benchmarking in China
Schlæger, J. (2016) · Information Polity · doi:10.3233/ip-160399 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The effect of online political deliberation on the effectiveness of government response
Zhao, Y., Zhou, X., & Wang, T. (2020) · International Journal of Crowd Science · doi:10.1108/ijcs-04-2020-0009 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bengtsson, S. (2016) · Space and Culture · doi:10.1177/1206331215621010 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Identifying the Antecedents of Public Trust in the Citizen-Centric E-Governance
Jafari, S. M., NIKBAKHSH, S., KOMIJANI, P., & KARIMI, F. (2022) · The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics · doi:10.55549/epstem.1176069 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Guan, Y., & Göbel, C. (2024) · China Information · doi:10.1177/0920203x241277996 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhu, Q., & Škorić, M. M. (2014) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2014.273 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhang, J. (2013) · ProQuest LLC eBooks · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Exploring the Socio-Political Determinants of Open Budget
Sayogo, D. S., & Harrison, T. M. (2013) · Advances in electronic government, digital divide, and regional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-4058-0.ch009 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Towards a taxonomy of government webportals
Henman, P. W. F., & Graham, T. (2019) · International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance · doi:10.1145/3326365.3326368 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Santini, R. M., & de Carvalho, H. F. (2019) · OpenEdition (OpenEdition) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jiang, M., & Okamoto, K. E. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2097430 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationGuzik, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2023.1223957 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
China’s internet controls: What if citizens disengage?
DeButts, M., & Pan, J. (2024) · Communication and the Public · doi:10.1177/20570473241267966 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Virtual Communities as Subaltern Public Spheres
Zhang, W. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-0312-7.ch009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhang, J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12306-2_8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Virtual Communities as Subaltern Public Spheres
Zhang, W. (2014) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-5942-1.ch099 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Big Data, Big Brother, Big Profit?Preprint
Jiang, M., & Fu, K. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3239434 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationChaveesuk, S., & Suaysukvicha, K. (2021) · Transnational Corporation Review · doi:10.1080/19186444.2021.1993678 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ya-bin, D., Yang, K., Duan, S., & Cao, J. (2025) · International Public Management Journal · doi:10.1080/10967494.2025.2516555 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Internet Literacies for Active Citizenship and Democratic Life
Hicks, D. L., van Hover, S. D., Washington, E. Y., & Lee, J. K. (2011) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/book-978-1-61735-673-520251030 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Impact of Internet Use on Civic Engagement in Chinese Rural Areas
Zhang, J., & Qin, Y. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-0116-1.ch015 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Comparative Analysis of Weibo and Xinhua in Framing Chinese Civic Engagement
Ma, L. (2013) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Technological Mediation in Tourism: A New Era Begins in Pakistan
Jawad, M., & Naz, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-2210-6_38 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bae, Y., Woo, B., Sung-Won, J., Lee, E., Lee, J., Lee, M., & Park, H. (2023) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440231168048 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhong, Z.-J., & Zhang, X. (2017) · China An International Journal · doi:10.1353/chn.2017.0015 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The politics of blogging in China
Tang, H. (2016) · Figshare · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ameri, A., & Braik, T. A. (2018) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Battering Ram, Virus, or Beta-Institution? A Case Study of Chinese Local Government MicrobloggingPreprint
Schlæger, J., & Jiang, M. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2258565
Self-citationGRASSROOTS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AS A KEY TO e-GOVERNANCE SUSTAINABILITY
Ochara, N. M. (2012)
Elucidating Online Structure for Democratic Legitimacy
Sayogo, D. S., & Nam, T. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-0116-1.ch019
Online Consultation and Governance Reform in Chinese Ministries and Provinces
Balla, S. J., & Wu, Y. (2016)
China’s Online Xinfang Channel: Absorbing Grievances through Institutionalisation
Gui, X., & Luo, Z. (2021) · China Perspectives · doi:10.4000/chinaperspectives.12293
Lu, S., & Lin, T. (2021) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2021.1997866
E-Totem, Digital Locative Media to Support E-Participation in Cities
Furtado, V., Lima, L., Chagas, D. A., Pinheiro, V. C. M., Caminha, C., Furtado, E. S., & Mafra, M. L. P. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-3706-3.ch070
Elucidating Online Structure for Democratic Legitimacy
Sayogo, D. S., & Nam, T. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-1740-7.ch074
Conceptualizing the Impact of ICT On the Stability of China’s Authoritarian RegimePreprint
Švec, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5474247
Thaiduong, N. (2026) · Australian Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1111/1467-8500.70056
Political Communication in China
Chang, C. (2026) · Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication · doi:10.1093/9780197851395.003.1510
- Authors
- Jiang, M., & Xu, H.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte (US)
- McKesson (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Min Jiang
- Venue
- Social Science Computer Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-02-24
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 174-195
- ISSN
- 0894-4393 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8286
- OpenAlex
- W3121905661
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 27.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Science Computer Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › E-Government and Public Services
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
- Keywords
- e-participation, political participation, transparency, agenda setting, local government reform
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review