The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Overcoming the Challenges of Collaboratively Adopting Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector
Open accessAbstract
Despite the current popularity of artificial intelligence (AI) and a steady increase in publications over time, few studies have investigated AI in public contexts. As a result, assumptions about the drivers, challenges, and impacts of AI in government are far from conclusive. By using a case study that involves a large research university in England and two different county councils in a multiyear collaborative project around AI, we study the challenges that interorganizational collaborations face in adopting AI tools and implementing organizational routines to address them. Our findings reveal the most important challenges facing such collaborations: a resistance to sharing data due to privacy and security concerns, insufficient understanding of the required and available data, a lack of alignment between project interests and expectations around data sharing, and a lack of engagement across organizational hierarchy. Organizational routines capable of overcoming such challenges include working on-site, presenting the benefits of data sharing, reframing problems, designating joint appointments and boundary spanners, and connecting participants in the collaboration at all levels around project design and purpose.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Some changes result from external factors (4a) that include the societal context (Rahwan 2018), others usually include aspects of inter-organizational collaboration (Campion et al. 2020) with an ecology of external partners.”
From Keeping the organization in the loop: a socio-technical extension of human-centered artificial intelligence (2023) · cites this paper as Campion et al. 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1984) · Cited by 81,983
Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research
Robinson, P. M. (2007) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00096.x · Cited by 23,362
Case study research: design and methods
Phelan, S. (2011) · Evaluation & Research in Education · doi:10.1080/09500790.2011.582317 · Cited by 21,904
(2014) · Cited by 15,747
Designing qualitative research
Shaliha, F., Mozaffari, M., Ramezani, F., Hajnasiri, H., & Moafi, F. (1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-1232 · Cited by 9,914
Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice
Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/mum032 · Cited by 8,256
Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Ismagilova, E., Aarts, G., Coombs, C., Crick, T., Duan, Y., Dwivedi, R., Edwards, J., Eirug, A., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.08.002 · Cited by 4,611 · cited 10×
“It also shows the importance of trust among stakeholders (Dwivedi et al., 2019; Kankanhalli et al., 2019; Mikhaylov et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialReconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change
Feldman, M. S., & Pentland, B. T. (2003) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3556620 · Cited by 4,020
Duan, Y., Edwards, J. S., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2019) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.021 · Cited by 2,628
Two Decades of Developments in Qualitative Inquiry: A Personal, Experiential Perspective
Patton, M. Q. (2002) · Qualitative Social Work · doi:10.1177/1473325002001003636 · Cited by 2,564
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Bernard H. R., 2017, Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches
- Christodoulou P., 2018, Da makes the public sector go round [Conference session]
- European Commission, 2019, A definition of AI: Main capabilities and scientific disciplines
- Gasco M., 2011, Interoperability in the justice field: Variables that affect implementation [Conference session]
- Korinek A., 2017, Artificial intelligence and its implications for income distribution and inequality
- Mehr H., 2017, Artificial intelligence for citizen services and government
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–161 of 161
AI-Driven Tools for Sustainable Public Administration
Ndlovu, S. (2025) · Advances in public policy and administration (APPA) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-8372-8.ch004 · Cited by 1
A holistic framework for asset decision-making: Organisational drivers and collaborative culture
Gunawan, H., Husni, M. F., Qur’ani, B., Ashary, M., Arman, A., & Afriyani, A. (2025) · South African Journal of Business Management · doi:10.4102/sajbm.v56i1.5101 · Cited by 1
Arbayah, S., Sukristyanto, A., Palupi, M. F., & Napitupulu, D. B. (2025) · Salud Ciencia y Tecnología · doi:10.56294/saludcyt20252206 · Cited by 1
Duarte, M., & Mercer, J. (2025) · Gestion et management public · doi:10.3917/e.gmp.134.0117 · Cited by 1
Filina-Dawidowicz, L., Barczak, A., Sęk, J., Trojanowski, P., Wiktorowska-Jasik, A., & CIESIELCZYK, D. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16020621 · Cited by 3
Cybersecurity in governing artificial intelligence – the case of Polish cities
Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek, K. (2026) · Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society · doi:10.1108/jices-11-2025-0327 · Cited by 2
Governing AI in sustainable public procurement: towards an ESG-oriented conceptual architecture
Sciarrone, A., & Calabrese, M. (2026) · VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems · doi:10.1108/vjikms-07-2025-0309 · Cited by 2
Fu, L., Jiang, M., Hu, B., & Li, Y. (2026) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/08944393261437632 · Cited by 1
Hallucination in the Bureaucracy: Managing Reputation and Accountability in an AI‐Induced Crisis
Lund‐Tønnesen, J., Fossheim, K., & Kårtvedt, L. E. (2026) · Risk Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy · doi:10.1002/rhc3.70058 · Cited by 1
The road to integration: mapping barriers and challenges in AI implementation processes within KMSs
Nakash, M., & Bolisani, E. (2026) · Business Process Management Journal · doi:10.1108/bpmj-12-2025-2008 · Cited by 1
Autonomous Classification System for Digital Painting Images Based on Artificial Intelligence
Yang, N., Sun, X., & Jiang, T. (2023) · International Conference on Evolutionary Algorithms and Soft Computing Techniques (EASCT) · doi:10.1109/easct59475.2023.10393756 · Cited by 1
Interoperability for Emerging Technologies: A Systematic Scoping Review
Müller, A. P. R., Bosch, J. M., & Tangi, L. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-70274-7_24 · Cited by 2
AMALIYAH, R. (2025) · Info Kripto · doi:10.56706/ik.v19i1.121 · Cited by 1
Duarte, M. (2025) · Gestion et management public · doi:10.3917/gmp.134.0117 · Cited by 1
Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Enhance Intelligent Management FrameworksPreprint
de Miguel, A. M. G., & Cabezuelo, A. S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5875877 · Cited by 1
Qin, Y. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Automation and Computer Engineering (ICEACE) · doi:10.1109/iceace60673.2023.10442889
Casillas, R. Q., & López, S. H. (2024) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-024-00396-z
Online Education Big Data Encryption Algorithm System Based on Artificial Intelligence
Liu, Q. (2023) · International Conference on Information Education and Artificial Intelligence (ICIEAI) · doi:10.1145/3660043.3660176
Bolívar, M. P. R., Muñoz, L. A., & Marín, M. M. (2024) · Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research · doi:10.1145/3657054.3657255
Verma, R., & Kapoor, S. (2024) · International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management · doi:10.1007/s13198-024-02498-2
Yaswanth, G., Gupta, A., & Jha, A. (2025) · Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7550-1.ch014
Affordances and Constraints of AI in Performance Measurement and Analysis
Najafikhah, S. (2025) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.256722
Kärnä, E., & Humala, I. A. (2025) · Hallinnon Tutkimus · doi:10.37450/ht.142611
Mitigating the Risks of Generative AI in Government through Algorithmic GovernancePreprint
Esposito, M., Halkias, D., Tse, T. C. M., & Harkiolakis, T. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5169801
Krause, T. A. (2025) · dms – der moderne staat – Zeitschrift für Public Policy Recht und Management · doi:10.3224/dms.vxix.403989
do Ó, M. A. L. A., Gammarano, I. D. J. L. P., Gomes, F. N., Neto, H. H. P. B., Santo, R. B. D. E., & da Costa, A. V. (2025) · Caderno Pedagógico · doi:10.54033/cadpedv22n8-083
Enhancing Patient Confidentiality with AI-Based Data De-Identification Methods
Kotte, G. (2024) · International Journal of Enhanced Research In Science Technology & Engineering · doi:10.55948/ijerste.2024.0112
Mapping Risk Work and Designing Technologies to Support it in CSCW Research
Lee, M. A., Mejía, G. M., Warren, R. B., Chen, Y., Siraj, H., Mazmanian, M., Mandhre, R. A., & Pine, K. H. (2025) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/3715070.3748299
Ethical Considerations in AI-driven Business Strategies
Asiedu, E. (2025) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9798898811440125010006
Imran, A. I., & Hashim, F. S. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-09562-6_18
Innovating Business Model in and for AI
Tzanidis, T., & Murray, A. (2026) · Springer texts in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-03981-1_6
Collaborative Intelligence in Action
Tariq, M. U. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-5747-8.ch005
What are the challenges facing the use of ChatGPT in the Bahrain public sector?
Alharoon, S., & Aldhmour, F. M. (2026) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.102388
Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Enhance Intelligent Management FrameworksPreprint
de Miguel, A. M. G., & Cabezuelo, A. S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6156073
Hanák, R., & Rybjanský, D. (2026) · Inproforum ... · doi:10.32725/978-80-7694-143-4.18
Türkcan, B. (2025) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Application Cases of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Nwosu, C. E., Osho, A. J., Meshioye, M. O., & Nwosu, A. G. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-2817-1.ch010
Debelak, K., Hržica, R., & Pevcin, P. (2026) · International Conference on Organizational Science Development · doi:10.18690/um.fov.3.2026.12
Xiao, J., & Xu, J. (2026) · Building Research & Information · doi:10.1080/09613218.2026.2644942
Khanzada, M. M. U. R., Wasim, S. M., Ahmed, S., & Mubarik, M. S. (2026) · Cureus Journal of Business and Economics. · doi:10.7759/s44404-025-00045-1
Warren, R. B., Mandhre, R. A., Siraj, H., Mejía, G. M., Lee, M. A., Chen, Y., & Pine, K. H. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791677
Khalid, K., Ahmad, S. Z., & Bakar, A. R. A. (2026) · The Police Journal Theory Practice and Principles · doi:10.1177/0032258x261442402
AI transformation in the public sector: Findings from a case study in Sweden
Peretz-Andersson, E., Parida, V., Mikalef, P., & Riveiro, M. (2026) · International Journal of Information Management Data Insights · doi:10.1016/j.jjimei.2026.100419
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Decision Making in Modern Business Intelligence
Sinnappan, G. S. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-3648-0.ch004
Human and Institutional Capacity in Public Sector AI Adoption: Evidence from OECD OPSI Cases
Çubuk, E. B. S. (2026) · Iğdır üniversitesi sosyal bilimler dergisi · doi:10.54600/igdirsosbilder.1874248
Cook, D., Cook, E. A., Roy, S., Thiara, R. K., & Selvarajah, R. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0348948
Ati, M. M. (2026) · Sustainable civil infrastructures · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-17918-0_13
Bunea, O.-I., Corboș, R.-A., & Popescu, R. I. (2026) · Urban Science · doi:10.3390/urbansci10070360
Eom, S.-J., & Kim, S. (2026) · Journal of Policy Studies · doi:10.52372/jps.260272
Gînguță, A., Blehuiu, A. E., Ştefea, P., & Munteanu, V. P. (2026) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems14070729
Parsons, S. P. (2026) · International Journal of Public Sector Management · doi:10.1108/ijpsm-08-2025-0356
A value-chain perspective of artificial intelligence in public services
Löfgren, K., & Webster, C. W. R. (2026) · Global Public Policy and Governance · doi:10.1007/s43508-026-00152-0
Wang, Y., & Tang, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2026.103109
Diljoor, Z., & Coulon, T. (2026) · Transforming Government People Process and Policy · doi:10.1108/tg-01-2026-0019 · Cited by 1
Empowering 9-1-1 Calltaking Training with Generative AI: Experiences and Lessons Learned
Chen, Z., & Ma, M. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing · doi:10.1109/smartcomp69968.2026.00032 · Cited by 1
Trisnawati, N., Wahjoedi, ., Wahyono, H., Haryono, A., Pahlevi, T., & Ginanjar, A. E. (2026) · Multidisciplinary Reviews · doi:10.31893/multirev.2027120
Algorithmic Administrative Authority: A New TheoryPreprint
Ardeleanu, A.-M. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7478713
Intelligent Building Space Planning and Optimization Using Artificial Intelligence
Liu, M. (2026) · The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings · doi:10.1002/tal.70178
Lněnička, M., Nikiforova, A., Luterek, M., Rudmark, D., Symeonidis, D., & Bolívar, M. P. R. (2026) · Information Polity · doi:10.1177/15701255261499214
Metadata
- Authors
- Campion, A., Gasco-Hernandez, M., Jankin Mikhaylov, S., & Esteve, M.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Ramon Llull (ES)
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
- Hertie School, Berlin, Germany
- Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
- Venue
- Social Science Computer Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2020-12-20
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 462-477
- ISSN
- 0894-4393 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8286
- OpenAlex
- W3118099700
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 30.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- discovery.ucl.ac.uk
- Locations
- Social Science Computer Review (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › E-Government and Public Services
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Public Policy and Administration Research
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence adoption, public sector, inter-organizational collaboration, data sharing, privacy and security concerns, organizational routines, boundary spanners, county councils, university-government collaboration, organizational hierarchy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review