The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Two Shorter Forms of the CES-D Depression Symptoms Index
Abstract
Brief measurement devices can alleviate respondent burden and lower refusal rates in surveys. This article reports on a field test of two shorter forms of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) symptoms index in a multisite survey of persons 65 and older. Factor analyses demonstrate that the briefer forms tap the same symptom dimensions as does the original CES-D, and reliability statistics indicate that they sacrifice little precision. Simple transformations are presented to show how scores from the briefer forms can be compared to those of the original.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Reliability and Validity Assessment
Carmines, E., & Zeller, R. (1979) · doi:10.4135/9781412985642 · Cited by 5,884
Research works printed but not linked: 21
- 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114408 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1017/S0033291700018171 · DOI · Paper page
- Cornoni-Huntley, J., 1986, Established populations for epidemiological studies of the elderly: Resource data book (NIH
- 10.2307/3349884 · DOI
- 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113149 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.530 · DOI
- Gorsuch, R. L., 1983, Factor analysis
- 10.2105/AJPH.72.9.1000 · DOI
- 10.1093/geronj/38.3.333 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1002/1520-6629(198001)8:1<20::AID-JCOP2290080105>3.0.CO;2-Y · DOI · Paper page
- Kohout, F. J., 1984, Statistics for social scientists
- Kohout, F. J., 1992, The epidemiological study of the elderly, 91
- Markush, R. E., 1973, Stressful life events: Their nature and effects, 171
- 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113528 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1176/ajp.137.9.1081 · DOI · Paper page
- Nunnally, J. C., 1978, Psychometric theory
- 10.1097/00005053-198510000-00002 · DOI
- 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90069-4 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113819 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/e531192008-001 · DOI
- 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112455 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Screening for Depression in Well Older Adults: Evaluation of a Short Form of the CES-D
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30622-6 · Cited by 5,403
Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and health among older adults
Cornwell, E. Y., & Waite, L. J. (2009) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/002214650905000103 · Cited by 2,027
Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R., Roberts, R. E., & Allen, N. B. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.12.2.277 · Cited by 1,782
Loneliness and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Wilson, R. S., Krueger, K. R., Arnold, S. E., Schneider, J. A., Kelly, J. F., Barnes, L. L., Tang, Y., & Bennett, D. A. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.234 · Cited by 1,363
Wei, M., Russell, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B., & Vogel, D. L. (2007) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890701268041 · Cited by 1,311
Metadata
- Authors
- Kohout, F. J., Berkman, L. F., Evans, D. A., & Cornoni-Huntley, J.
- Venue
- Journal of Aging and Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1993-05
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 179-193
- ISSN
- 0898-2643 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6887
- OpenAlex
- W2142806020
- Cited by
- 2,284
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 11.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Two Shorter Forms of the CES-D Depression Symptoms Index. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/089826439300500202
- The paper
- Kohout, F. J., Berkman, L. F., Evans, D. A., & Cornoni-Huntley, J. (1993). Two Shorter Forms of the CES-D Depression Symptoms Index. Journal of Aging and Health. https://doi.org/10.1177/089826439300500202
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
