The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Management, Labour Process and Agency
Abstract
This paper is motivated by an unease that a labour process approach to managerial work, if it is to be based upon simplistic assumptions that management itself is a labour process will actually obscure many of the contradictions which exist within managerial capitalism and which a true labour process approach should be concerned to expose and analyse. To that end Braverman's treatment of management as a labour process is criticised and shown to be inconsistent with his own analysis of the fate of productive labour in monopoly capitalism. The paper then argues that the core feature of management within capitalist social relations of production is the agency relationship. This is shown to contain contradictions between the inevitable dependence of employers and senior managers on trust and the fact that this is expensive, which gives them incentives to dispense with it, so far as is possible, in favour of the deskilling and monitoring of management work. This inbuilt contradiction creates a micro-political and historical dynamism within capitalist management organisation which makes broad-brush sense of many of the developments which have occurred over the last century and which promises much for more detailed analysis.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“They therefore embody a dual position, as Marxist labour process analysis has long argued (Armstrong, 1989; Willmott, 1997), simultaneously controlling labour and directly contributing to the production process.”
From Free Labour, Social Media, Management: Challenging Marxist Organization Studies (2015) · cites this paper as Armstrong, 1989
In the citing paper
“Marxist organization studies also understands that managerial labour has two sides, namely a productive side involved in the organization of production, and an unproductive side concerned merely with reproducing capitalist relations of production (see Willmott, 1997; Armstrong, 1989).”
From Free Labour, Social Media, Management: Challenging Marxist Organization Studies (2015) · cites this paper as Armstrong, 1989
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 43
- 10.2307/2490699 · DOI
- 10.1016/0361-3682(87)90029-8 · DOI
- Armstrong, P.J., The Abandonment of Productive Intervention in British Management Teaching Syllabi: an historical analysis
- Bowie, J.A., Education for Business Management
- Braverman, H., Labor and Monopoly Capital, 10.14452/MR-026-03-1974-07_1 · DOI · Paper page
- Burawoy, M., Manufacturing Consent, 10.7208/chicago/9780226217710.001.0001 · DOI
- Chandler, A.D., The Visible Hand: the managerial revolution in American Business, 10.2307/j.ctvjghwrj · DOI
- 10.1177/017084068901000106 · DOI
- Coad, R., Laing
- Cooley, M., Science, Technology and the Labour Process: Marxist studies: Vol 1, 46
- Dalton, M., Men Who Manage
- Edwards, R.C., Contested Terrain: the Transformation of the Workplace in the Twentieth Century
- 10.1177/030630708100600304 · DOI
- Fox. A., Beyond Contract: Work, Power and Trust Relations
- Freidman, A.L., Industry and Labour: Class Struggle at Work and Monopoly Capitalism
- Gordon, D.M., Segmented Work, Divided Workers: the historical transformation of labor in the United States
- Hartman, H., Authority and Organisation in German Management
- 10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X · DOI · Paper page
- Johnson, T., Industrial Society: Class, Cleavage and Control, 93
- Kanter, R.M., Men and Women of the Corporation
- Kerr, C., Industrialism and Industrial Man
- Koontz, H., Principles of Management: an analysis of managerial functions
- Levenson, B., Organisational Careers: a sourcebook for theory
- Lambert, R.S., The Railway King 1800-1871: a study of George Hudson and the business morals of his time
- Littler, C., The Development of the Labour Process in Capitalist Societies
- Lockwood, D., The Blackcoated Worker
- Mangham, I.L., Management Training: context and practice
- March, J.G., Organisations
- Marx, K., Capital
- Middlemass, R.K., The Master Builders
- Moore, W., The Conduct of the Corporation
- National Economic Development Council, The Making of Managers
- Pollard, S., The Genesis of Modern Management
- Sampson, A., The Anatomy of Britain Today
- Stacey, N.A.H., English Accountancy: a study in social and economic history. 1800-1954
- 10.1177/0143831X8564002 · DOI
- Urwick, L.F., Management Education in American Business
- 10.1086/467051 · DOI
- Watts, R.L., Positive Accounting Theory
- Wilkinson, B., `Cultural Manipulation as a Strategy of Organisational Control: Managing Managers at Sherwood's Foods'
- 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1984.tb00416.x · DOI
- Wilson, C., The History of Unilever: a study in Economic and Social Change, 10.1002/tie.5060110111 · DOI
- Wright, E.O., Classes
Cited by
Rethinking Management and Managerial Work: Capitalism, Control, and Subjectivity
Willmott, H. (1997) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872679705001101 · Cited by 157
Free Labour, Social Media, Management: Challenging Marxist Organization Studies
Beverungen, A., Böhm, S., & Land, C. (2015) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840614561568 · Cited by 126
Metadata
- Authors
- Armstrong, P.
- Affiliations
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Armstrong, Peter
- Venue
- Work, Employment and Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1989-09
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 307-322
- ISSN
- 0950-0170 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8722
- OpenAlex
- W2096922939
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 17.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Work Employment and Society (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Economy and Marxism
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management Theory and Practice
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Industrial relations › Labor Movements and Unions
- Keywords
- labour process theory, managerial work, principal-agent relationship, managerial capitalism, deskilling, monitoring, trust in management, productive labor, monopoly capitalism, Braverman, contradictions of capitalism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Management, Labour Process and Agency. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0950017089003003003
- The paper
- Armstrong, P. (1989). Management, Labour Process and Agency. Work, Employment and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017089003003003
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.