An investigation of skill requirements in artificial intelligence and machine learning job advertisements
Abstract
Due to the advent of big data and efficient computational resources, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have seen massive growth in recent years. Informatics degree programs are scrambling to meet the ever-increasing market demand of such professions. To explore the skillsets required for AI and ML positions, the authors conducted a content analysis of online job advertisements posted on Indeed.com . They present a ranking of the relevant skills for the two positions. Further, they performed a pairwise comparison between AI and ML positions. Overall, it was observed that technical skills like data mining, programming, statistics and big data are more valued for ML positions than for AI positions. On the contrary, AI positions tend to be more generic, with an emphasis on communication skills. These clearly defined skills can be valuable for the hiring process as well as to revamp existing course curricula to cater to the increasing market demand.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Employees who are comfortable with numbers and measurements can better understand and use machine learning algorithms to predict outcomes, classify data or optimise processes.
“In addition, employees who are comfortable with numbers and measurements can better understand and use machine learning algorithms to predict outcomes, classify data or optimise processes (Verma et al., 2022 ).”
From The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Workers' Skills: Upskilling and Reskilling in Organisations (2023) · cites this paper as Verma et al., 2022
Cites
The Content Analysis Guidebook
Neuendorf, K. A. (2017) · doi:10.4135/9781071802878 · Cited by 9,286 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Pejic Bach et al. (2020) also studied Industry 4.0 job descriptions, using text mining to develop a job profile that highlighted the required skills. The first group of these job profiles focused on the Internet of Things and smart production design and control. The second group was more generic, with application area…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWamba-Taguimdje, S.-L., Fosso Wamba, S., Kala Kamdjoug, J. R., & Tchatchouang Wanko, C. E. (2020) · Business Process Management Journal · doi:10.1108/bpmj-10-2019-0411 · Cited by 1,280 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Wamba-Taguimdje et al. (2020) studied the influence of AI on firm performance.”
BackgroundWhat can machine learning do? Workforce implications
Brynjolfsson, E., & Mitchell, T. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aap8062 · Cited by 1,131 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It is well established that all strategic decision-makers could benefit from a sound understanding of their business to increase the effectiveness of AI solutions (Brynjolfsson and Mitchell, 2017; Mohanty and Vyas, 2018).”
BackgroundArtificial Intelligence trends in education: a narrative overview
Chassignol, M., Khoroshavin, A., Klimova, A., & Bilyatdinova, A. (2018) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.233 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence: The Ambiguous Labor Market Impact of Automating Prediction
Agrawal, A., Gans, J. S., & Goldfarb, A. (2019) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.33.2.31 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Workers' Skills: Upskilling and Reskilling in Organisations
Morandini, S., Fraboni, F., De Angelis, M., Puzzo, G., Giusino, D., & Pietrantoni, L. (2023) · Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline · doi:10.28945/5078 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
“In addition, employees who are comfortable with numbers and measurements can better understand and u se machine learning algorithms to predict outcomes, classify data or optimise processes (Verma et al., 2022 ).”
BackgroundA systematic review of AI literacy scales
Lintner, T. (2024) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-024-00264-4 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Abdelwahab, H. R., Rauf, A., & Chen, D. (2023) · Industry and Higher Education · doi:10.1177/09504222221087614 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Hao, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, B., Amarantidis, G., & Ghannam, R. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Education · doi:10.1109/te.2025.3536105 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“To improve AI competencies among engineering students, modern engineering education should integrate AI skill development into their curriculum [18], including dedicated modules for early-stage undergraduates.”
ChatGPT: Educational Artificial Intelligence
(2023) · International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering · doi:10.30534/ijatcse/2023/091222023 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Verma, A., Lamsal, K., & Verma, P.
- Affiliations
- Missouri Western State University (US)
- University of Kansas (US)
- Corresponding author
- Verma, Amit
- ORCID
- Verma, Amit
- Venue
- Industry and Higher Education
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-02-01
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 63-73
- ISSN
- 0950-4222 (ISSN-L)
- 2043-6858
- OpenAlex
- W3127710218
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 17.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Industry and Higher Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information Systems Education and Curriculum Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education and Employability
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › AI and HR Technologies
- Keywords
- job advertisements, skill requirements, technical skills, communication skills, big data, data mining, programming skills, curriculum development, personnel selection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review