Attachment Working Models Twist Memories of Relationship Events

Simpson, Jeffry A.; Rholes, W. Steven; Winterheld, Heike A.

doi:10.1177/0956797609357175

Cited by 71Attachment and Relationship DynamicsIdentity, Memory, and TherapyMemory Processes and Influences

Attachment Working Models Twist Memories of Relationship Events

Simpson, Jeffry A., Rholes, W. Steven, Winterheld, Heike A.·2010·Psychological Science

DOI 10.1177/0956797609357175

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The information that people remember about their relationships should be affected by their attachment orientations. This study investigated changes in individuals’ memories of their own behavior during conflict-resolution discussions with their romantic partners. One week after each couple engaged in two videotaped conflict discussions, each partner’s memory of the discussions was assessed. Memory biases were systematically related to attachment orientations. More avoidant individuals, for example, remembered being less supportive than they reported initially if they were relatively distressed during the discussions, whereas the opposite was true of less avoidant persons. More anxious individuals remembered being less emotionally distant than they reported initially if they were relatively distressed during the discussions, whereas the opposite was true of less anxious persons. We discuss the implications of these memory changes.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0956797609357175

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-reports like the ECR-R can be biased, since attachment style affects the information that people remember about their relationships.
“However, it should be considered that self-reports like the ECR-R can be biased, since e.g. attachment style affects the information that people remember about their relationships [61].”
From Get secure soon: attachment in abused adolescents and young adults before and after trauma-focused cognitive processing therapy. (2021) · cites this paper as [61]

Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, P., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410606266 · Cited by 20,819 · see citing works
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences.
Henry, N. W., Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. R. (1977) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2064799 · Cited by 7,231 · see citing works
Handbook of attachment: theory, research, and clinical applications
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-1841 · Cited by 5,386 · see citing works
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences.
Tufte, E. R., Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1979) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2286442 · Cited by 5,214 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1998) · Cited by 3,968 · see citing works
Attachment theory and close relationships
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-6513 · Cited by 3,642 · see citing works
The Attachment Behavioral System In Adulthood: Activation, Psychodynamics, And Interpersonal Processes
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2003) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(03)01002-5 · Cited by 1,485 · see citing works
Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety-provoking situation: The role of attachment styles.
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., & Nelligan, J. S. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.62.3.434 · Cited by 1,315 · see citing works
Self-citation
A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships.
Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.78.6.1053 · Cited by 1,305 · see citing works
A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships
Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1053 · Cited by 1,303 · see citing works
Attachment and Loss: Sadness and Depression
Albert, S. M., & Bowlby, J. (1982) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/351282 · Cited by 1,068 · see citing works
Models of Non-Independence in Dyadic Research
Kenny, D. A. (1996) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407596132007 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Dimensions of Adult Attachment, Affect Regulation, and Romantic Relationship Functioning
Brennan, K. A., & Shaver, P. R. (1995) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167295213008 · Cited by 915 · see citing works
Adult attachment: theory, research, and clinical implications
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-6159 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
Conflict in close relationships: An attachment perspective.
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., & Phillips, D. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.5.899 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Self-citation
Working Models of Attachment Shape Perceptions of Social Support: Evidence From Experimental and Observational Studies.
Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.363 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
The analysis of data from dyads and groups.
Kashy, D. A., & Kenny, D. A. (2000) · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Attachment styles, coping strategies, and posttraumatic psychological distress: The impact of the Gulf War in Israel.
Mikulincer, M., Florián, V., & Weller, A. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.64.5.817 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Attachment working models and the sense of trust: An exploration of interaction goals and affect regulation.
Mikulincer, M. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1209 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Attachment processes in adulthood
Bartholomew, K., & Perlman, D. (1994) · Jessica Kingsley Publishers eBooks · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Attachment styles and repressive defensiveness: The accessibility and architecture of affective memories.
Mikulincer, M., & Orbach, I. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.68.5.917 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Attachment styles, coping strategies, and posttraumatic psychological distress: The impact of the Gulf War in Israel.
Mikulincer, M., Florián, V., & Weller, A. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.5.817 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Attachment styles and repressive defensiveness: The accessibility and architecture of affective memories.
Mikulincer, M., & Orbach, I. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.5.917 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Working models of attachment and daily social interactions.
Pietromonaco, P. R., & Barrett, L. F. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1409 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Adult attachment and the defensive regulation of attention and memory: Examining the role of preemptive and postemptive defensive processes.
Fraley, R. C., Garner, J. P., & Shaver, P. R. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.79.5.816 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Ratings of social support by adolescents and adult informants: Degree of correspondence and prediction of depressive symptoms.
Cutrona, C. E. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.4.723 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Ratings of social support by adolescents and adult informants: Degree of correspondence and prediction of depressive symptoms.
Cutrona, C. E. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.57.4.723 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Adult attachment and the defensive regulation of attention and memory: Examining the role of preemptive and postemptive defensive processes.
Fraley, R. C., Garner, J. P., & Shaver, P. R. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.816 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Attachment working models and cognitive openness in close relationships: A test of chronic and temporary accessibility effects.
Mikulincer, M., & Arad, D. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.4.710 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Working Models of Attachment: New Developments and Emerging Themes.
Collins, N. L., Guichard, A. C., Ford, M. B., & Feeney, B. C. (2004) · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Cognitive Representations of Self, Family, and Peers in School-Age Children: Links with Social Competence and Sociometric Status
Rudolph, K. D., Hammen, C. L., & Burge, D. (1995) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00941.x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Stress and secure base relationships in adulthood.
Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (1994) · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citation
Infant Attachment Security and Affective-Cognitive Information Processing at Age 3
Belsky, J., Spritz, B. L., & Crnic, K. A. (1996) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00339.x · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Preschoolers' Attention to and Memory for Attachment-Relevant Information
Kirsh, S. J., & Cassidy, J. A. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01990.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Cognitive Representations of Self, Family, and Peers in School-Age Children: Links with Social Competence and Sociometric Status
Rudolph, K. D., Hammen, C. L., & Burge, D. (1995) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131653 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Preschoolers' Attention to and Memory for Attachment-Relevant Information
Kirsh, S. J., & Cassidy, J. (1997) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1132297 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Reconstructive Memory Related to Adolescent-Parent Conflict Interactions: The Influence of Attachment-Related Representations on Immediate Perceptions and Changes in Perceptions Over Time.
Feeney, B. C., & Cassidy, J. A. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.945 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Theoretical advances in understanding children’s memory for distressing events: The role of attachment
Alexander, K. W., Quas, J. A., & Goodman, G. S. (2002) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/s0273-2297(02)00004-7 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Attachment Memories, Models and Information Processing
Miller, J. B., & Noirot, M. (1999) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407599162002 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Attachment Style and Memory for Attachment-Related Events
Miller, J. B. (1999) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407599166006 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Attachment and the processing of social information across the life span: Theory and evidence.
Dykas, M. J., & Cassidy, J. A. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0021367 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Adult Attachment Orientations, Stress, and Romantic Relationships
Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (2012) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394286-9.00006-8 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Self-citation
Adult attachment styles, destructive conflict resolution, and the experience of intimate partner violence
Bonache, H., Gonzalez-Mendez, R., & Krahé, B. (2019) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260516640776 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Motivated Thinking
Molden, D. C., & Higgins, E. T. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199734689.013.0020 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Trust and biased memory of transgressions in romantic relationships.
Luchies, L. B., Wieselquist, J., Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., Eastwick, P. W., Coolsen, M. K., & Finkel, E. J. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031054 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Attachment processes in adult romantic relationships.
Pietromonaco, P. R., & Beck, L. A. (2014) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14344-002 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Too close for comfort? Adult attachment and cuddling in romantic and parent–child relationships
Chopik, W. J., Edelstein, R. S., van Anders, S. M., Wardecker, B. M., Shipman, E. L., & Samples-Steele, C. R. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.035 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Multiple loves: The effects of attachment with multiple concurrent romantic partners on relational functioning
Moors, A., Ryan, W. S., & Chopik, W. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.023 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Not all attachment relationships develop alike: Normative cross-sectional age trajectories in attachment to romantic partners, best friends, and parents
Hudson, N. W., Fraley, R. C., Chopik, W. J., & Heffernan, M. E. (2015) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2015.10.001 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
False memory for trauma-related Deese–Roediger–McDermott lists in adolescents and adults with histories of child sexual abuse
Goodman, G. S., Ogle, C. M., Block, S. D., Harris, L. S., Larson, R. P., Augusti, E., Cho, Y. I., Beber, J., Timmer, S. G., & Urquiza, A. J. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000150 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Effects of Video Feedback on Early Coercive Parent–Child Interactions: The Intervening Role of Caregivers’ Relational Schemas
Smith, J. D., Dishion, T. J., Moore, K. J., Shaw, D. S., & Wilson, M. N. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.777917 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
I am a better driver than you think: examining self‐enhancement for driving ability
Roy, M. M., & Liersch, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12117 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Congruence Between Spouses’ Perceptions and Observers’ Ratings of Responsiveness
Beck, L. A., Pietromonaco, P. R., DeVito, C. C., Powers, S. I., & Boyle, A. M. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167213507779 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Moving toward greater security: The effects of repeatedly priming attachment security and anxiety
Hudson, N. W., & Fraley, R. C. (2018) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2018.04.002 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Relationship between attachment styles and happiness in medical students
Rezaei, F., Moghadam, M. A., Ghaderi, E., & Rostamian, N. (2016) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/2249-4863.197314 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Expressive suppression tendencies, projection bias in memory of negative emotions, and well-being.
Chang, V. T., Overall, N. C., Madden, H., & Low, R. S. T. (2018) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000405 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Memory for child sexual abuse information: Simulated memory error and individual differences
McWilliams, K., Goodman, G. S., Lyons, K. E., Newton, J. W., & Avila‐Mora, E. (2013) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-013-0345-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms, External Stress, and Marital Adjustment: The Buffering Effect of Partner’s Responsive Behavior
Pietromonaco, P. R., Overall, N. C., & Powers, S. I. (2021) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506211001687 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Reducing optimism bias in the driver’s seat: Comparing two interventions
Cutello, C., Walsh, C., Hanoch, Y., & Hellier, E. (2021) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2021.02.013 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Adult attachment and engagement with fictional characters
Rain, M., & Mar, R. A. (2021) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075211018513 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The relevance of security: A latent domain of attachment relationships
Mannarini, S., & Boffo, M. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12091 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Attachment security and how to get it
Chopik, W. J., Weidmann, R., & Oh, J. (2023) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12808 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Associations between the broad autism phenotype, adult attachment, and relationship satisfaction among emerging adults
Beffel, J. H., Cary, K. M., Nuttall, A. K., Chopik, W., & Maas, M. K. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110409 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Childbirth Pain, Attachment Orientations, and Romantic Partner Support During Labor and Delivery
Wilson, C. L., & Simpson, J. (2016) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12157 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
Attachment-related differences in perceptions of an initial peer interaction emerge over time: Evidence of reconstructive memory processes in adolescents.
Dykas, M. J., Woodhouse, S. S., Ehrlich, K. B., & Cassidy, J. A. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027462 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Latent constructs model explaining the attachment-linked variation in autobiographical remembering
Öner, S., & Gülgöz, S. (2015) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2015.1009469 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Adult attachment and transportation into narrative worlds
Rain, M., CILENTO, E., MacDonald, G., & Mar, R. A. (2016) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12167 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The impact of marital withdrawal and secure base script knowledge on mothers’ and fathers’ parenting.
Trumbell, J. M., Hibel, L. C., Mercado, E., & Posada, G. (2018) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000402 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Perceived Benefits and Costs of Romantic Relationships for Young People: Differences by Adult Attachment Style
Sánchez, A. M., García‐Martínez, J. M. A., & Calvo‐Salguero, A. (2016) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2016.1217190 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Remembering the romantic past: Autobiographical memory functions and romantic relationship quality
Aydın, Ç., & Büyükcan-Tetik, A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Does Attachment Anxiety Promote the Encoding of False Memories? An Investigation of the Processes Linking Adult Attachment to Memory Errors
Hudson, N., & Fraley, R. C. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000215 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Turkish mothers’ attachment orientations and mental representations of their children
Sümer, N., Sakman, E., Harma, M., & Savaş, Ö. (2015) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2015.1092020 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Activating attachment representations impact how we retrieve autobiographical memories
Bryant, R. A., & Bali, A. S. (2017) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2017.1367404 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Poisonous Parenting
(2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203852422 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Remembering the past and imagining the future: Partners’ responsiveness in specific events relates to relationship satisfaction and subjective well-being
Cao, X., Wang, D., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407519873041 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
From Middle Childhood to Adulthood Attachment
Hasim, M. J. M., Mustafa, H., & Hashim, N. H. (2018) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480718806522 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A test of the investment model among asexual individuals: The moderating role of attachment orientation
Brozowski, A., Connor-Kuntz, H., Lewis, S., Sinha, S., Oh, J., Weidmann, R., Weaver, J. R., & Chopik, W. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.912978 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Attachment anxiety, tracking accuracy, and biased memory of prior relationship evaluations
Chang, V. T., & Overall, N. C. (2022) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12417 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
What will I tell you about my marriage? The relationship between attachment and autobiographical memory of married life
Wang, Y., Wang, D., Feeney, B. C., & Li, F. (2016) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407516664417 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Accurate and biased perceptions of partner’s conflict behaviors shape emotional experience
Venaglia, R. B., & Lemay, E. P. (2018) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407518818771 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Person-by-Situation Perspectives on Close Relationships
Simpson, J. A., & Winterheld, H. A. (2012) · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398991.013.0020 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Get secure soon: attachment in abused adolescents and young adults before and after trauma-focused cognitive processing therapy.
Rimane, E., Steil, R., Renneberg, B., & Rosner, R. (2021) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01637-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Changes in childhood caregiving impressions among middle‐aged and older adults
Chopik, W. J., Oh, J., Challa, S., Hua, H. L., Maahs, J. M., & Smith, J. (2023) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12499 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Record of the past or reflection of the present? Fluctuations in recollections of childhood adversity and fluctuations in adult relationship circumstances
Jaros, A., & Chopik, W. J. (2026) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107873 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
EXAMINING PARENTS’ ROMANTIC ATTACHMENT STYLES AND DEPRESSIVE AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS AS PREDICTORS OF CAREGIVING EXPERIENCES
River, L. M., Borelli, J. L., & Nelson, S. K. (2016) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21587 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Romantic heartbreak: Prevalence, personality traits, and personal stories
Dunlop, W. L., Harake, N. R., & Wilkinson, D. E. (2020) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12353 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Theorising Gender-Based Violence
Rogers, M. M., & Ali, P. A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-05640-6_2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Attachment‐Related Individual Differences in the Consistency of Relationship Behavior Interpretation
Marks, M. J., Trafimow, D., & Rice, S. C. (2013) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12048 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Changes in Attachment Orientation Over a 59-year Period: Determinants of Change and Implications for Health.
Chopik, W. J. (2015) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Social Cognition in Close Relationships
Andersen, S. M., Sarıbay, S. A., & Przybylinski, E. (2012) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446247631.n18 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The impact of attachment anxiety on susceptibility to false memories
Hudson, N. W. (2016) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Direct and Indirect Relationships between School Attachment, Constructive Conflict Resolution Behavior and Aggression
Koruklu, N., & Ferda, A. (2017) · Journal of Education and Human Development · doi:10.15640/jehd.v6n4a7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Brain-Based Understanding From the Cradle to the Grave
Goldstein, S., & Thau, S. (2012) · doi:10.4324/9780203852422-11 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The story of ‘us’ is the story of ‘me’: A cross-sectional test of the influence of insecure attachment on narratives of romantic transgressions and high points
Lamarche, V. M., Blackie, L. E. R., & McLean, K. C. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306838 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Attachment-related perceptions of life events
Gibson, L. C., & Chopik, W. J. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0340082 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Resolution of Difficult Experiences and Future Parenting
Scharf, M., Isenberg-Borenstein, P., & Rosenberg, R. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24864-2_13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Innovations in Continuity of Care Among Homeless Persons with Severe Mental Illnesses
Vallath, S., & Padmakar, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70134-9_149-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Innovations in Continuity of Care Among Homeless Persons with Severe Mental Illnesses
Vallath, S., & Padmakar, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57296-9_149 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Attachment and perceptual accuracy of hard and flat partner emotions in everyday life
Verhees, M. W. F. T., Ceulemans, E., Sels, L., & Kuppens, P. (2024) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.3064 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
States of Mind Regarding Past Partnerships: Development and Initial Validation of the Former Relationship Interview
Lux, U. (2021) · Journal of Divorce & Remarriage · doi:10.1080/10502556.2021.1993019 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Attachment and Depression Across the Transition to Parenthood
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., & Shallcross, S. L. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781444354119.ch26 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Emancipated Foster Care Youths’ Romantic Relationships as Observed by Social Workers
Hanson, K. I. (2013) · UST Research Online (University of St. Thomas - Minnesota)
Romantic relationship memory effects on future romantic relationship forecasts: differences by attachment
Caperton, D. D. (2020) · Western CEDAR (Western Washington University) · doi:10.25710/r6vd-0z72
Romantic relationship memory effec ts on future romantic relationship forecasts: diffe rences by att achment
Cedar, W. (2014)
References
(2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420020-3.00013-x
Covid-19 Pandemic Effects At Students
Badulescu, A. L. (2023) · European Proceedings of Educational Sciences · doi:10.15405/epes.23045.32
Attachment
Kochendorfer, L. B., & LaBuda, J. E. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96023-6.00086-5
Relational Memory Reconsolidation: A New Lens on Change Mechanisms in EFT for Couples
Ella, A., & Bar-Kalifa, E. (2026) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.70172
[The role of attachment in healthy ageing].
Tesch, D., Poós, A., Szita, G., & Balog, P. (2026) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/650.2026.33538
Covariation in Attachment Orientations and Support and Strain Across Multiple Relationships Over Time
Chopik, W. J., Low, A. E., Stephanoff, I. S., Yang, H., & Jaros, A. (2026) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075261479393
The Knowledge of Others' Perceptions (KOP) Model: Practical Accuracy Among the Well-Acquainted
Solomon, B. C. (2015) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k71g0jft

Do you remember?: Recollections of adult attachment patterns
Scharfea, E., & Bartholomewb, K. (2014)
Can attachment style predict memory phenomenology?: A study of positive and negative relationship memories
Black, C. D. (2010) · AcadiaU-DEV · doi:10.26108/78zf-9h71
Can Secure Base Script Knowledge Predict Changes in Perceptions of Conflict Resolution Discussions in Engaged Couples Over Time?
Finkelstein, S. (2025) · Digital Commons - LIU Promoting Scholarship and Creative Work of LIU Students, Faculty, and Staff (Long Island University)
Emotional Content in Autobiographical Memory through an Attachment Theory Framework
Tsatkin, E. (2010) · OpenCommons - UConn (University of Connecticut)
Attachment Models and Memory for Conversation
Miller, J. B. (2001) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407501183006 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Authors: Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., & Winterheld, H. A.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
Texas A&M University (US)
California State University, East Bay (US)
Corresponding author: Simpson, Jeffry A.
ORCID: Simpson, Jeffry A.
Rholes, W. Steven
Venue: Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2009-12-22
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Pages: 252-259
ISSN: 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
1467-9280
DOI: 10.1177/0956797609357175
OpenAlex: W2144105379
Cited by: 71
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 4.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH049599, MH49599)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: attachment orientation, memory bias, romantic relationships, couple conflict, conflict resolution, attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, self-reported behavior, emotional distress
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Conflict, Psychological, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Models, Psychological, Object Attachment, Problem Solving, Mental Recall, Self Concept, Psychological Distance, Social Support, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Attachment Working Models Twist Memories of Relationship Events

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks