Assessment of industrial-scale green hydrogen production using renewable energy
Abstract
The global pivot towards sustainable energy solutions necessitates a closer examination of green hydrogen production using renewable energy sources. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and efficiency of green hydrogen production on an industrial scale using solar and wind energy in Diyala city, Iraq. Experimental weather data, including solar irradiance, ambient temperature, and wind speed, were meticulously collected throughout 2022. The analysis indicated that, for wind energy, the optimum electrolyser capacity that matched a 1.5 MW wind turbine achieved a hydrogen production of 11,963 kg/year, with associated costs of $8.87/kg. In contrast, when focusing on solar energy, the ideal electrolyser capacity harmonizing with a 2 MW solar photovoltaic generated a notably higher hydrogen output of 94,432 kg/year at a more competitive cost of $6.33/kg. These findings underscore the potential economic advantages of solar-based green hydrogen production over wind-based methods in Diyala city. Furthermore, the significant difference in hydrogen production yields between the two methods emphasizes the need to optimize renewable infrastructure based on location-specific renewable resources. This study offers valuable insights into tailoring green hydrogen production strategies in regions with similar climatic conditions to Diyala and serves as a blueprint for future renewable energy-driven hydrogen production initiatives.
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The levelized cost of producing green hydrogen currently exceeds that of conventional gray hydrogen, but projections suggest costs for offshore wind-derived hydrogen could decrease from approximately USD 7/kg in 2025 to potentially USD 1-2/kg by 2050.
“Economically, the levelized cost of producing green hydrogen currently exceeds that of conventional gray hydrogen manufactured from natural gas without emissions abatement; however, substantial cost reductions are anticipated, with projections suggesting costs for offshore wind-derived hydrogen could decrease from approximately USD 7/kg in 2025 to potentially USD 1-2/kg by 2050, driven primarily”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [70]
The most substantial contributor to e-hydrogen production costs is the price of renewable electricity; these costs can be minimized by optimizing electrolyzer operation in conjunction with fluctuating renewable power supplies and through anticipated reductions in electrolyzer capital expenditures.
“The most substantial contributor to e-hydrogen production costs is the price of renewable electricity; these costs can be minimized by optimizing electrolyzer operation in conjunction with fluctuating renewable power supplies and through anticipated reductions in electrolyzer capital expenditures [68][69][70][71].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [70]
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Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
Yılbaşı, Z. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17136145 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hassan, Q., Algburi, S., Sameen, A. Z., & Salman, H. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Diyala (IQ)
- College of Engineering, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq
- Al-Farahidi University (IQ)
- Al-Turath University (IQ)
- Corresponding author
- Hassan, Qusay
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A Journal of Power and Energy
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2023-11-24
- Volume
- 238
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 569-587
- ISSN
- 0957-6509 (ISSN-L)
- 2041-2967
- OpenAlex
- W4388965789
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A Journal of Power and Energy (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Power Systems and Renewable Energy
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Keywords
- green hydrogen production, electrolysis, photovoltaics, wind energy, renewable energy, hydrogen production cost, electrolyser sizing, solar irradiance, wind speed
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