Thermomechanical characterization of shape memory polymers
Abstract
Data from comprehensive thermomechanical tests of shape memory polymers are reported, with specimens tested up to 75% strain and between 30—120°C temperatures. The data is analyzed and key observations are drawn. The stress/strain behavior during loading at temperatures above glass transition for the Veriflex TM shape memory polymer tested was linear and did not show much variation with the actual temperature. When the polymer is cooled with end constraints, thermally-induced tensile stresses developed, but only after the temperature reduced below glass transition and the material stiffened. When the constraints were then released, 97—98% of the original strain was locked in. Reheating the shape memory polymer beyond the glass transition temperature resulted in shape recovery (shape memory effect). When the polymer was reheated while constraining the strain, the full recovery stress developed was about the stress that the polymer was initially loaded to during deformation at high temperature. Examining the Young's modulus at elevated and low temperature showed that the loading modulus at high temperatures is around 60 times lower than the low temperature unloading modulus of the stretched sample, and around 3000 times lower than the low temperature loading modulus of an unstretched sample.
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Cyclic thermo-mechanical behavior of an SMP depends on the polymer's thermal and visco-elastic properties, specimen size, clamping conditions, load cell sensitivity and testing conditions.
“The cyclic thermo-mechanical behavior of an SMP depends on the polymer's thermal and visco-elastic properties (e.g., the thermal transition temperatures, broadness of the transitions, expansion behavior, intensity of change in modulus), specimen size, clamping conditions (gauge length and clamping pressure), load cell sensitivity (setting of proportional-integral-derivative parameters) and testing”
From Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers (2010) · cites this paper as [177]
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Review on the Functional Determinants and Durability of Shape Memory Polymers
Pretsch, T. (2010) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym2030120 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Atli, B., Gandhi, F., & Karst, G.
- Affiliations
- Aerospace Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA,
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Cornerstone Research Group (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Gandhi, Farhan
- Venue
- Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-04-21
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 87-95
- ISSN
- 1045-389X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8138
- OpenAlex
- W2087412416
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 19.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Dielectric materials and actuators
- Keywords
- shape memory polymers, thermomechanical behavior, stress-strain behavior, glass transition temperature, shape recovery, Young's modulus, high strain deformation
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