Probable Reasons for Expressed Agitation in Persons with Dementia
Abstract
Nursing home patients with dementia were videotaped in three previous studies. Sixty sequences of nine patients exhibiting agitated behaviors were examined to identify the most probable antecedents to agitation. Probable reasons were interpreted and applied to the Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold model, which suggests that agitation is stress related. Analysis suggests that agitation often serves as form of communication. Two underlying reasons seem to be that the patient had loss of control over the situation and deficient autonomy. The most common causes for expressed agitation were interpreted as discomfort, a wish to be served immediately, conflict between patients or with nursing staff, reactions to environmental noises or sound, and invasion of personal space. It is recommended that nursing staff promote autonomy and independency for this group of patients whenever possible. By evaluating probable reasons for expressed agitation, the nursing staff can take steps to prevent or alleviate agitation.
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Individuals who are deprived of environmental stimuli or activity are at an increased risk for disturbing behaviors.
“There is strong clinical evidence that individuals who are deprived of environmental stimuli or activity are at an increased risk for disturbing behaviors. 17-22”
From Activity calendars for older adults with dementia: What you see is not what you get (2003) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Ragneskog, H., Gerdner, L. A., Josefsson, K., & Kihlgren, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Örebro University Hospital (SE)
- ORCID
- Josefsson, Karin
- Venue
- Clinical Nursing Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 189-206
- ISSN
- 1054-7738 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3799
- OpenAlex
- W2101884465
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Nursing Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Patient Dignity and Privacy
- Keywords
- dementia, agitation, nursing home residents, loss of control, autonomy, communication, environmental noise, personal space
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Conflict, Psychological, Dementia, Female, Health Facility Environment, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Noise, Nurse-Patient Relations, Nursing Homes, Patient Participation, Personal Space, Psychomotor Agitation, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, Videotape Recording, Nursing Methodology Research
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