Magico-Religious Practitioner Types and Socioeconomic Conditions
Abstract
A typology of magico-religious practitioners is determined in a cross- cultural sample. Shamans were found in hunting and gathering soci eties ; Shaman/Healers and Priests in agricultural societies; and Healers, Mediums, and Malevolent Practitioners in societies with political integration. Analysis of selection procedures and activities suggests three bases for magico-religious practitioners: a universal basis related to trance states; sociopolitical power in societies with political integra tion ; and conflict between trance-based local power and stratified political power.
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These configurations of practitioner types are strongly correlated with subsistence and socio-political conditions.
“These configurations of practitioner types are strongly correlated with subsistence and socio-political conditions (Winkelman, 1986a).”
From An Ethnological Analogy and Biogenetic Model for Interpretation of Religion and Ritual in the Past (2022) · cites this paper as Winkelman, 1986a
The number of types of religious practitioners present showed several typical patterns across societies which were discovered with entailment analyses.
“The number of types of religious practitioners present showed several typical patterns across societies which were discovered with entailment analyses, using the religious practitioner type data aggregated at the societal level (Winkelman, 1986a).”
From An Ethnological Analogy and Biogenetic Model for Interpretation of Religion and Ritual in the Past (2022) · cites this paper as Winkelman, 1986a
Cites
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WINKELMAN, M. J. (1990) · Ethos · doi:10.1525/eth.1990.18.3.02a00040 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationWorldwide cross-cultural studies and their relevance for archaeology
Ember, M., & Ember, C. R. (1995) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/bf02231488 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
An Assessment of Contextual Mediation in Trance States of Shamanic Journeys
Houran, J., Lange, R., & Crist-Houran, M. (1997) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.59 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Therapeutic Potential of a Drum and Dance Ceremony Based on the African Ngoma Tradition
Vinesett, A. L., Price, M., & Wilson, K. H. (2015) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2014.0247 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
An Ethnological Analogy and Biogenetic Model for Interpretation of Religion and Ritual in the Past
Winkelman, M. J. (2022) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-021-09523-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Winkelman, M. J.
- Corresponding author
- Winkelman, Michael James
- Venue
- Behavior Science Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1986-02
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1-4
- Pages
- 17-46
- ISSN
- 0094-3673 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2075030354
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cross-Cultural Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Study and Philosophy of Religion
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Cross-Cultural and Social Analysis
- Keywords
- shamanism, trance states, healing, medium, priests, hunter-gatherers, agricultural societies, political integration, socioeconomic conditions, stratified society
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