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The Enclave, the Citadel, and the Ghetto: What has Changed in the Post-Fordist U.S. City
Abstract
The author defines classic ghetto as the result of the involuntary spatial segregation of a group that stands in a subordinate political and social relationship to its surrounding society, the enclave as a voluntarily developed spatial concentration of a group for purposes of promoting the welfare of its members, and the citadel as created by a dominant group to protect or enhance its superior position. The author describes a new phenomenon, connected to global economic changes: the outcast ghetto, inhabited by those excluded from the mainstream economy by the forces of macroeconomic developments. The distinction among these differing forms of spatial separation is crucial for a number of public policies.
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Citations
Cited by
The Edge and the Center: Gated Communities and the Discourse of Urban Fear
Low, S. M. (2001) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1525/aa.2001.103.1.45 · Cited by 549
Lifecourse Social Conditions and Racial and Ethnic Patterns of Cognitive Aging
Glymour, M. M., & Manly, J. J. (2008) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9064-z · Cited by 481
An African Enclave in China: The Making of a New Transnational Urban Space
Li, Z., Ma, L. J. C., & Xue, D. (2009) · Eurasian Geography and Economics · doi:10.2747/1539-7216.50.6.699 · Cited by 145
Three Histories of Greening and Whiteness in American Cities
Connolly, J. J. T., & Anguelovski, I. (2021) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.621783 · Cited by 33
Metadata
- Authors
- Marcuse, P.
- Venue
- Urban Affairs Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1997-11
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 228-264
- ISSN
- 1078-0874 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8332
- OpenAlex
- W2118286552
- Cited by
- 457
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 48.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Enclave, the Citadel, and the Ghetto: What has Changed in the Post-Fordist U.S. City. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/107808749703300206
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- Marcuse, P. (1997). The Enclave, the Citadel, and the Ghetto: What has Changed in the Post-Fordist U.S. City. Urban Affairs Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/107808749703300206
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
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Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
