Associations Between Sleep Characteristics, Seasonal Depressive Symptoms, Lifestyle, and ADHD Symptoms in Adults
Abstract
Objective: The authors explored associations between ADHD symptoms, seasonal depressive symptoms, lifestyle, and health. Method: Adult ADHD patients ( n = 202) and controls ( n = 189) completed the ASESA questionnaire involving lifestyle, eating pattern, and physical and psychological health, and validated measures on ADHD and sleep. ASESA is the Dutch acronym for Inattention, Sleep, Eating pattern, Mood, and General health questionnaire. Results: Indication for delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) was 26% in patients and 2% in controls ( p < .001). Patients reported shorter sleep, longer sleep-onset latency, and later midsleep. Shorter ( R 2 = .21) and later ( R 2 = .27) sleep were associated with hyperactivity, male gender, younger age, and seasonal depressive symptoms. Seasonal depressive symptoms were related to hyperactivity, female gender, unemployment, and late sleep (pseudo R 2 = .28). Higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with shorter sleep in patients (ρ = −.16; p = .04) and controls (ρ = −.17; p = .02). Longer sleep showed lower odds for indication of metabolic syndrome (OR = −0.17; p = .053). Conclusion: DSPS is more prevalent in ADHD and needs further investigation to establish treatment to prevent chronic health issues.
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A number of studies have reported delayed DLMO in adults and children with ADHD.
“With regards to melatonin, as noted above a number of studies have reported delayed DLMO in adults and children with ADHD (van der Heijden et al. 2005, 2006; Van Veen et al. 2010; Bijlenga et al. 2013a).”
From A systematic review of circadian function, chronotype and chronotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Bijlenga et al. 2013a
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References 63 · Cited by 109
- Authors
- Bijlenga, D., van der Heijden, K. B., Breuk, M., van Someren, E. J. W., Lie, M. E. H., Boonstra, A. M., Swaab, H. J. T., & Kooij, J. J. S.
- Affiliations
- PsyQ (NL)
- Leiden University, Center for the Study of Developmental Disorders, Leiden, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- Leiden University (NL)
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-12-29
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 261-275
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2073276877
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW)) (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiteit Leiden
- Division of Materials Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, delayed sleep phase syndrome, sleep duration, sleep latency, lifestyle, dietary habits, body mass index, metabolic syndrome, hyperactivity, sleep timing
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Age Factors, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reference Values, Sex Factors, Statistics as Topic, Unemployment, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Seasonal Affective Disorder, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Metabolic Syndrome, Young Adult
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