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Adult Outcome of ADHD: An Overview of Results From the MGH Longitudinal Family Studies of Pediatrically and Psychiatrically Referred Youth With and Without ADHD of Both Sexes
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to provide an overview of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Longitudinal Studies of ADHD. Methods: We evaluated and followed samples of boys and girls with and without ADHD ascertained from psychiatric and pediatric sources and their families. Results: These studies documented that ADHD in both sexes is associated with high levels of persistence into adulthood, high levels of familiality with ADHD and other psychiatric disorders, a wide range of comorbid psychiatric and cognitive disorders including mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, learning disabilities, executive function deficits, emotional dysregulation, and autistic traits as well as functional impairments. The MGH studies suggested that stimulant treatment decreased risks of developing comorbid psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and functional outcomes. The MGH studies documented the neural basis of persistence of ADHD using neuroimaging. Conclusion: The MGH studies provided various insights on symptoms, course, functions, comorbidities, and neuroscience of ADHD.
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“As reviewed above, familial history has been found to be the most significant risk factor for the emergence and persistence of ADHD (Chang et al., 2013; Bonvicini et al., 2018; Uchida et al., 2018).”
From A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (2019) · cites this paper as Uchida et al., 2018
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Metadata
- Authors
- Uchida, M., Spencer, T. J., Faraone, S. V., & Biederman, J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Uchida, Mai
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-09-22
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 523-534
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2338350677
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 9.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- MGH Pediatric Psychopharmacology Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, ADHD persistence into adulthood, psychiatric comorbidity, substance use disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, learning disabilities, executive dysfunction, emotional dysregulation, autistic traits, functional disability, stimulant medication, longitudinal family study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Bipolar Disorder, Child, Educational Status, Employment, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitals, General, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Massachusetts, Intellectual Disability, Sexual Behavior, Smoking, Comorbidity, Sex Distribution, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Executive Function
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