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Intervention Mapping: A Process for Developing Theory and Evidence-Based Health Education Programs
Abstract
The practice of health education involves three major program-planning activities: needs assessment, program development, and evaluation. Over the past 20 years, significant enhancements have been made to the conceptual base and practice of health education. Models that outline explicit procedures and detailed conceptualization of community assessment and evaluation have been developed. Other advancements include the application of theory to health education and promotion program development and implementation. However, there remains a need for more explicit specification of the processes by which one uses theory and empirical findings to develop interventions. This article presents the origins, purpose, and description of Intervention Mapping, a framework for health education intervention development. Intervention Mapping is composed of five steps: (1) creating a matrix of proximal program objectives, (2) selecting theory-based intervention methods and practical strategies, (3) designing and organizing a program, (4) specifying adoption and implementation plans, and (5) generating program evaluation plans.
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“Two studies adopted the intervention mapping framework [41] developed by Bartholomew and colleagues in 1998 [42, 43]”
From Optimisation of complex health interventions prior to a randomised controlled trial: a scoping review of strategies used (2016) · cites this paper as [41]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education
Funnell, M. M., Brown, T. L., Childs, B. P., Haas, L. B., Hosey, G. M., Jensen, B., Maryniuk, M. D., Peyrot, M. F., Piette, J. D., Reader, D., et al. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-s087 · Cited by 1,363
Waltz, T. J., Powell, B. J., Fernández, M. E., Abadie, B., & Damschroder, L. J. (2019) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-019-0892-4 · Cited by 1,136
A taxonomy of behaviour change methods: an Intervention Mapping approach
Kok, G., Gottlieb, N. H., Peters, G.-J. Y., Mullen, P. D., Parcel, G. S., Ruiter, R. A. C., Fernández, M. E., Markham, C., & Bartholomew, L. K. (2016) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2015.1077155 · Cited by 1,137
“…stepwise process of conducting a needs assessment, creating matrices of change objectives, selecting theory-based intervention methods, and translating these into practical applications, developing the programme, planning for implementation, and planning for evaluation (Bartholomew et al., 1998).”
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Hawe, P., Shiell, A., & Riley, T. (2009) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-009-9229-9 · Cited by 1,143
“This has seen the spawning of various models such as theory of change (MacKenzie and Blamey 2005), intervention mapping (Bartholomew et al. 1998), and theory-based evaluation (Chen 1995) partly as ways of pinning down causal pathways and also to better understand precisely what activities are…”
MethodMethods to Improve the Selection and Tailoring of Implementation Strategies
Powell, B. J., Beidas, R. S., Lewis, C. C., Aarons, G. A., McMillen, J. C., Proctor, E. K., & Mandell, D. S. (2017) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-015-9475-6 · Cited by 967
“There are five steps in intervention mapping.(47,73,74) First, a needs assessment is conducted to identify determinants (barriers and facilitators) and guide the selection of intervention components.”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Bartholomew, L. K., Parcel, G. S., & Kok, G.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Bartholomew, L. Kay
- Venue
- Health Education & Behavior
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1998-10
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 545-563
- ISSN
- 1090-1981 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6127
- OpenAlex
- W1986321933
- Cited by
- 1,102
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 113 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 25.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Health Education & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Public Health Policies and Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Keywords
- intervention mapping, health education program development, theory-based intervention design, program planning, needs assessment, program evaluation planning, health promotion
- MeSH terms
- Decision Support Techniques, Forecasting, Health Education, Health Plan Implementation, Health Planning Guidelines, Humans
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