Cited by 227Gender and Feminist StudiesGender Roles and Identity StudiesGender, Sexuality, and Education

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What is “Toxic Masculinity” and Why Does it Matter?

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Harrington, Carol·2021·Men and Masculinities

DOI 10.1177/1097184x20943254

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Abstract

Coined in late 20th-century men’s movements, “toxic masculinity” spread to therapeutic and social policy settings in the early 21st century. Since 2013, feminists began attributing misogyny, homophobia, and men’s violence to toxic masculinity. Around the same time, feminism enjoyed renewed popularization. While some feminist scholars use the concept, it is often left under-defined. I argue that talk of toxic masculinity provides an intriguing window into gender politics in any given context. However, feminists should not adopt toxic masculinity as an analytical concept. I consider the term’s origins, history, and usage, arguing that it appears in individualizing discourses that have historically targeted marginalized men. Thus, accusations of toxic masculinity often work to maintain gender hierarchies and individualize responsibility for gender inequalities to certain bad men.

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Authors: Harrington, C.
Affiliations: Victoria University of Wellington (NZ)
Corresponding author: Harrington, Carol
ORCID: Harrington, Carol
Venue: Men and Masculinities
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2020-07-17
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Pages: 345-352
ISSN: 1097-184X (ISSN-L)
1552-6828
DOI: 10.1177/1097184x20943254
OpenAlex: W3042904385
Cited by: 227
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 11
FWCI: 37.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Men and Masculinities (publishedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Victoria University of Wellington
Topics: Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Sexuality, and Education
Keywords: toxic masculinity, feminist theory, men's movement, misogyny, homophobia, male violence, gender politics, individualization, gender hierarchy, gender inequality

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