The Political Representation of Ethnic Minorities: Denmark as a Deviant Case
Abstract
In general, ethnic minorities are strongly under-represented in representative bodies; however, there is no rule without exceptions. In the municipal elections in Denmark in 2001, the number of ethnic minorities who won election to the local councils throughout the country almost corresponded to their percentage in the general population. The explanation for this can be found in the Danish local election system, with its combination of proportional representation and preferential voting. This system is exceptionally conducive to collective mobilization, which results in a relatively high voter turnout among ethnic minorities and a fair representation in local councils. Since 1981, foreign citizens with permanent residence in Denmark have had the right to vote in local elections. This article describes the development in the representation of ethnic minorities since that time based on a study of all the municipalities in Denmark.
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In Togebys Argumentation fördern die Annäherung des Wahlsystems an den Idealtyp einer Verhältniswahl und ein schwacher Einfluss der Parteien (zugunsten eines höheren Einflusses der Wähler) auf die Auswahl der Kandidaten die Repräsentation von Migranten.
“In Togebys Argumentation fördern (a) die Annäherung des Wahlsystems an den Idealtyp einer Verhältniswahl und (b) ein schwacher Einfluss der Parteien (zugunsten eines höheren Einflusses der Wähler) auf die Auswahl der Kandidaten die Repräsentation von Migranten.”
From Taxation Without Representation (2010) · cites this paper as Togeby 2008:327f
Mit leichten Modifikationen scheinen die von Bird hervorgehobenen Faktoren dem derzeitigen Forschungskonsens im Feld zu entsprechen; Donovan, Bergh und Bjørklund sowie Togeby betrachten ebenfalls Einbürgerungssysteme, Parteien und Wahlsysteme.
“Mit leichten Modifikationen scheinen diese Faktoren dem derzeitigen Forschungskonsens im Feld zu entsprechen. Donovan, Bergh und Bjørklund sowie Togeby betrachten - wenn auch mit unterschiedlichen Akzentuierungen - ebenfalls Einbürgerungssysteme, Parteien und Wahlsysteme.”
From Taxation Without Representation (2010) · cites this paper as Togeby 2008
Togeby presents the electoral system and the party system as two distinct independent variables but treats them empirically together.
“Wie schon in Kapitel 4.1 erwähnt, stellt Togeby in ihrer Arbeit das Wahlsystem und das Parteiensystem als zwei distinkte unabhängige Variablen vor, behandelt beide jedoch empirisch zusammen. 207”
From Taxation Without Representation (2010) · cites this paper as Togeby 2008
Migrants are represented in parliaments to a higher degree when the electoral system is proportional and when parties are induced by the form of voting to nominate candidates with a migration background.
“Damit stellt sie in den Mittelpunkt ihrer Überlegungen, dass Migranten dann zu höherem Grad in Parlamenten repräsentiert sind, wenn das Wahlsystem proportional ist und wenn die Parteien durch die Form der Stimmabgabe angehalten sind, Kandidaten mit Migrationshintergrund zu nominieren.”
From Taxation Without Representation (2010) · cites this paper as Togeby 2008
Togeby concludes that the form of the Danish electoral system explains why Denmark, as a deviant case, has a particularly high representation of migrants.
“Togeby kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die Form des dänischen Wahlsystems erklärt, weshalb Dänemark als devianter Fall einen besonders hohen Repräsentationsgrad von Migranten aufweist.”
From Taxation Without Representation (2010) · cites this paper as Togeby 2008
Togeby, Bergh and Bjørklund have shown that voters with a migration background use preference votes to equip 'their' candidates with mandates.
“Togeby, Bergh und Bjørklund haben belegt, dass Wähler mit Migrationshintergrund Präferenzstimmen nutzen, um 'ihre' Kandidaten mit Mandaten auszustatten. 227”
From Taxation Without Representation (2010) · cites this paper as Togeby 2008
A high demographic migrant share in a city produces a high density, which positively affects the degree of representation.
“Angesichts der Ausführungen von Martiniello, Wüst und Saalfeld sollen hier Städte ausgewählt werden, die von einem hohen demographischen Migrantenanteil gekennzeichnet sind. 243 So ist eine hohe Dichte anzunehmen, die sich positiv auf den Repräsentationsgrad auswirkt.”
From Taxation Without Representation (2010) · cites this paper as Togeby 2008:330
Cited by
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Governance for Youth, Trust and Intergenerational Justice: Fit for All Generations?
OECD (2020) · OECD Public Governance Reviews · doi:10.1787/c3e5cb8a-en · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Taxation Without Representation
(2010) · Hong Kong University Press eBooks · doi:10.5790/hongkong/9789622090996.001.0001 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Togeby, L.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Togeby, Lise
- Venue
- Party Politics
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 325-343
- ISSN
- 1354-0688 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-3683
- OpenAlex
- W2123535192
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 22.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Party Politics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Politics and Representation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Keywords
- ethnic minorities, political representation, local elections, municipal council, proportional representation, preferential voting, voter turnout, collective mobilization
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