Atypical object exploration at 12 months of age is associated with autism in a prospective sample
Open accessAbstract
This prospective study examined object exploration behavior in 66 12-month-old infants, of whom nine were subsequently diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Previous investigations differ on when the repetitive behaviors characteristic of autism are first present in early development. A task was developed that afforded specific opportunities for a range of repetitive uses of objects and was coded blind to outcome status. The autism/ASD outcome group displayed significantly more spinning, rotating, and unusual visual exploration of objects than two comparison groups. The average unusual visual exploration score of the autism/ASD group was over four standard deviations above the mean of the group with no concerns at outcome. Repetitive behaviors at 12 months were significantly related to cognitive and symptomatic status at 36 month outcome. These results suggest that repetitive or stereotyped behaviors may be present earlier than initially thought in very young children developing the autism phenotype.
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Previous studies have used the strategy of contrasting ASD with no ASD outcome collapsed across risk group.
“Several previous studies have also used the strategy of contrasting ASD with no ASD outcome collapsed across risk group [11, 67–72].”
For most high-risk (HR) infants, the hallmark features of ASD, social-communication deficits, and repetitive behavior are not evident until 12 months of age or later.
“It appears that for most high-risk (HR) infants, the hallmark features of ASD, social-communication deficits, and repetitive behavior are not evident until 12 months of age or later [3, 10, 12, 14, 36, 47, 49].”
From Behavioral, cognitive, and adaptive development in infants with autism spectrum disorder in the first 2 years of life (2015) · cites this paper as [36]
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References 37 · Cited by 321
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- CHAWARSKA K VOLKMAR F VOLKMAR F KLIN A PAUL R 2005 Autism in Infants and Toddlers Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders 223 46 New York Wiley
- MUNDY P NEAL R GLIDDEN L 2001 Neural Plasticity, Joint Attention and Autistic Developmental Pathology International Review of Mental Retardation Research 139 68 Amsterdam American Press
- Authors
- Ozonoff, S., Macari, S., Young, G. S., Goldring, S., Thompson, M., & Rogers, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
- Yale University (US)
- MIND Institute, Sacramento, USA
- Corresponding author
- Ozonoff, Sally
- Venue
- Autism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 457-472
- ISSN
- 1362-3613 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7005
- PMC
- PMC2921192
- OpenAlex
- W2120275603
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 8.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Autism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH068398)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, object exploration, repetitive behavior, stereotypy, infant development, 12-month-old infants, early detection of autism, cognitive development, symptom severity
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Exploratory Behavior, Humans, Infant, Mass Screening, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Stereotyped Behavior
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