The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The impacts of physical activity intervention on physical and cognitive outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a 12-week physical activity intervention on the motor skill proficiency and executive function of 22 boys (aged 9.08 ± 1.75 years) with autism spectrum disorder. In Phase I of the 12 weeks, 11 boys with autism spectrum disorder (Group A) received the intervention, whereas the other 11 boys with autism spectrum disorder (Group B) did not (true control, no intervention). The arrangement was reversed in Phase II, which lasted an additional 12 weeks. The Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were conducted three times for each participant (Group A, primary grouping: baseline (T1), post-assessment (T2), and follow-up assessment (T3); Group B, control grouping: T1−T2; intervention condition, T2−T3). The main findings were that both groups of children with autism spectrum disorder significantly exhibited improvements in motor skill proficiency (the total motor composite and two motor-area composites) and executive function (three indices of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) after 12 weeks of physical activity intervention. In addition, the effectiveness appeared to have been sustained for at least 12 weeks in Group A. The findings provide supporting evidence that physical activity interventions involving table tennis training may be a viable therapeutic option for treating children with autism spectrum disorder.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, the intervention had a significant (p < 0.01), positive effect on three indices of the executive functioning test compared to the control condition, namely, total correct, conceptual level response, and preservative response.”
From The Effects of Physical Activity on Academic Performance in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“The study reported mixed results; an insignificant (p > 0.5) main effect of group and time on all indices of the executive functioning test was reported.”
From The Effects of Physical Activity on Academic Performance in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [56]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
World Health Organization (2021) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t76403-000 · Cited by 3,751
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual – Revised and Expanded
Heaton, R. K., Chelune, C., Talley, J., Kay, G., & Curtiss, G. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,975
Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old
Diamond, A., & Lee, K. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1204529 · Cited by 2,901
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
Lord, C., Rutter, M. L., Goode, S., Heemsbergen, J., Jordan, H., Mawhood, L., & Schopler, E. (1989) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t54175-000 · Cited by 1,697
Standardizing ADOS Scores for a Measure of Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Gotham, K., Pickles, A., & Lord, C. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0674-3 · Cited by 1,605
Motor coordination in autism spectrum disorders: A synthesis and meta-analysis
Fournier, K. A., Hass, C. J., Naik, S. K., Lodha, N., & Cauraugh, J. H. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0981-3 · Cited by 1,271 · cited 2×
“Impaired or delayed motor skills (e.g. movement skills, motor coordination, and gross and fine motor skills) have been reported in numerous studies on children with ASD (Fournier et al., 2010; Green et al., 2009; Lloyd et al., 2013; Staples and Reid, 2010).”
BackgroundConstantino, J. N. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_296 · Cited by 908
Impairment in movement skills of children with autistic spectrum disorders
Green, D., Charman, T., Pickles, A. R., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Simonoff, E. A., & Baird, G. (2009) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03242.x · Cited by 749
Bhat, A. N., Landa, R. J., & Galloway, J. C. (2011) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20100294 · Cited by 678
Verburgh, L., Königs, M., Scherder, E. J. A., & Oosterlaan, J. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091441 · Cited by 617
Lopez, B. R., Lincoln, A. J., Ozonoff, S., & Lai, Z. (2005) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-5035-x · Cited by 603
Predictors of early growth in academic achievement: the head-toes-knees-shoulders task
McClelland, M. M., Cameron, C. E., Duncan, R., Bowles, R. P., Acock, A. C., Miao, A., & Pratt, M. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00599 · Cited by 597
The Effect of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Social Functioning in Children with Autism
Bass, M. M., Duchowny, C. A., & Llabre, M. M. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0734-3 · Cited by 545
The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism
Geurts, H. M., Corbett, B., & Solomon, M. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.006 · Cited by 538
Benefits of regular aerobic exercise for executive functioning in healthy populations
Guiney, H., & Machado, L. (2012) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0345-4 · Cited by 501
Executive functions in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Robinson, S., Goddard, L., Dritschel, B., Wisley, M., & Howlin, P. (2009) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2009.06.007 · Cited by 450
Motor skills of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders
Lloyd, M., MacDonald, M., & Lord, C. (2011) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361311402230 · Cited by 448
Rajendran, G., & Mitchell, P. (2007) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.02.001 · Cited by 436
Pesce, C. (2012) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.34.6.766 · Cited by 383
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency
South, M., & Palilla, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_1381 · Cited by 367
Fundamental Movement Skills and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Staples, K. L., & Reid, G. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0854-9 · Cited by 363
Pan, C. (2010) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361309339496 · Cited by 318
Self-citationPugliese, C. E., Anthony, L. G., Strang, J. F., Dudley, K. M., Wallace, G. L., & Kenworthy, L. E. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2309-1 · Cited by 316
Increasing Independence in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review of Three Focused Interventions
Hume, K., Loftin, R. L., & Lantz, J. F. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0751-2 · Cited by 309
Becker, D. R., Miao, A., Duncan, R. J., & McClelland, M. M. (2014) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.04.014 · Cited by 271
Motor Skills in Children Aged 7–10 Years, Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Whyatt, C. P., & Craig, C. M. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1421-8 · Cited by 248
The effects of physical activity on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms: The evidence
Gapin, J. I., Labban, J. D., & Etnier, J. L. (2011) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.022 · Cited by 221
Cognitively challenging physical activity benefits executive function in overweight children
Crova, C., Struzzolino, I., Marchetti, R., Masci, I., Vannozzi, G., Forte, R., & Pesce, C. (2014) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.828849 · Cited by 215 · cited 2×
“…studies have been published on the value of employing moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise in executive function improvement in TD children (Crova et al., 2014; Diamond and Lee, 2011; Verburgh et al., 2014); however, the effects of using alternative forms of physical activity intervention…”
BackgroundMacDonald, M., Lord, C., & Ulrich, D. A. (2013) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.30.3.271 · Cited by 214
Autism and exergaming: effects on repetitive behaviors and cognition
Anderson-Hanley, C., Tureck, & Schneiderman (2011) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s24016 · Cited by 208
Evidence for Specificity of Motor Impairments in Catching and Balance in Children with Autism
Ament, K. A., Mejia, A. F., Buhlman, R., Erklin, S., Caffo, B. S., Mostofsky, S. H., & Wodka, E. L. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2229-0 · Cited by 207
Bremer, E., Balogh, R. S., & Lloyd, M. (2014) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361314557548 · Cited by 174
Hilton, C. L., Cumpata, K., Klohr, C. L., Gaetke, S., Artner, A., Johnson, H., & Dobbs, S. (2013) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2014.008664 · Cited by 171
Motor Skills and Calibrated Autism Severity in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
MacDonald, M., Lord, C., & Ulrich, D. A. (2014) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.2013-0068 · Cited by 161
Chang, Y. ‐., Hung, C.-L., Huang, C.-J., Hatfield, B. D., & Hung, T.-M. (2014) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acu003 · Cited by 157
Self-citationChan, A. S.-Y., Sze, S. L., Siu, N. Y.-F., Lau, E. M., & Cheung, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068184 · Cited by 151
Pan, C., Tsai, C., Chu, C.-H., Sung, M., Huang, C.-Y., & Ma, W.-Y. (2015) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715569282 · Cited by 146
Self-citationPan, C. (2012) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361312458597 · Cited by 110
Self-citationExecutive and Visuo-motor Function in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Sachse, M., Schlitt, S., Hainz, D., Ciaramidaro, A., Schirman, S., Walter, H., Poustka, F., Bölte, S., & Freitag, C. M. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1668-8 · Cited by 109
Tsai, C., Wang, C., & Tseng, Y. (2012) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2012.02.004 · Cited by 106
Self-citationThe Effectiveness of Simulated Developmental Horse-Riding Program in Children With Autism
Wuang, Y.-P., Wang, C.-C., Huang, M., & Su, C. (2010) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.27.2.113 · Cited by 92
Bicycle Training for Youth With Down Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorders
MacDonald, M., Esposito, P. E., Hauck, J. L., Jeong, I., Hornyak, J. E., Argento, A. G., & Ulrich, D. A. (2012) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/1088357611428333 · Cited by 60
Polgár, P., Réthelyi, J., Bálint, S., Komlósi, S., Czobor, P., & Bitter, I. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.06.007 · Cited by 59
Flexibility in young people with autism spectrum disorders on a card sort task
Reed, P., Watts, H., & Truzoli, R. (2013) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361311409599 · Cited by 50
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
Matuszak, J., & Ernst, J. (2014) · Encyclopedia of Human Services and Diversity · doi:10.4135/9781483346663.n58 · Cited by 47
Bonnier, B., Eliasson, A., & Krumlinde‐Sundholm, L. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1080/11038120510031833 · Cited by 45
Assessment of Motor Behavior Among Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Staples, K. L., MacDonald, M., & Zimmer, C. (2012) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394284-5.00007-3 · Cited by 43
Effects of Volleyball Training on Visual Time Perception
Chen, Y., Wu, C.-C., & Shih, Y. (2015) · 體育學報 · doi:10.3966/102472972015034801008 · Cited by 1
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Chen YC, 2015, Physical Education Journal, 48, 105
- Heaton RK, 2003, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Computer Version 4, Research Edition (WCST: CV4)
- Krug DA, 2008, Autism Behavior Checklist-Taiwan Version (ABCT)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Takacs, Z. K., & Kassai, R. (2019) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000195 · Cited by 332
Kaur, M., M. Srinivasan, S., & N. Bhat, A. (2018) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2017.10.025 · Cited by 304
Ruggeri, A. R., Dancel, A., Johnson, R., & Sargent, B. A. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319885215 · Cited by 231
Liang, X., Li, R., Wong, S. H., Sum, R. K. W., Wang, P., Yang, B., & Sit, C. H. P. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01545-3 · Cited by 194
Tse, A. C. Y., Lee, P. H., Chan, K. K. S., Edgar, V. B., Wilkinson-Smith, A., & Lai, W. H. E. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318823910 · Cited by 173
Metadata
- Authors
- Pan, C.-Y., Chu, C.-H., Tsai, C.-L., Sung, M.-C., Huang, C.-Y., & Ma, W.-Y.
- Affiliations
- National Kaohsiung Normal University (TW)
- National Cheng Kung University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Pan, Chien-Yu
- Venue
- Autism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-07-09
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 190-202
- ISSN
- 1362-3613 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7005
- OpenAlex
- W2317407615
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 8.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Autism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, physical activity interventions, motor skill proficiency, executive function, table tennis training, children, cognitive outcomes, sustained intervention effects
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Child, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Male, Motor Skills, Exercise, Treatment Outcome, Cross-Over Studies, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
