Fuel poverty in France: Adapting an English methodology to assess the health cost implications
Abstract
Over five million households in France are estimated to be in fuel poverty and so possibly exposed to low indoor temperatures. Such exposure is a threat to health. Besides the individual’s suffering, negative health outcomes, ranging from mild respiratory conditions to death, create demands on the health sector and costs to society. The health costs associated with energy inefficient dwellings have been calculated in England using a method based on the Housing Health & Safety Rating System (HHSRS); a health-based risk assessment system, adopted in 2006 as the prescribed statutory method for appraising housing conditions in England and Wales. The aim of this study was to use the English approach to estimate the health costs attributable to energy inefficient dwellings and energy vulnerability in France, and to analyse the cost benefits of thermal upgrades. This article details the methodology used to match the English and French housing energy efficiency assessment to provide the foundation necessary for the estimation of costs. This work has demonstrated that it is practicable to adapt the English HHSRS based approach, so that it can be used in another country such as France.
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In 2021 researchers estimated from the HHSRS that hazardous housing cost the English health sector £1.4 (US$1.75) billion annually, which together with societal costs totaled £18.5 (US$23.2) billion annually.
“in 2021 researchers estimated from the HHSRS that hazardous housing cost the English health sector £1.4 (US$1.75) billion annually, which together with societal costs (days off school and work and support services) totaled £18.5 (US$23.2) billion annually (38, 47).”
From Review of the Impact of Housing Quality on Inequalities in Health and Well-Being (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
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Review of the Impact of Housing Quality on Inequalities in Health and Well-Being
Howden-Chapman, P., Bennett, J., Edwards, R., Jacobs, D., Nathan, K., & Ormandy, D. (2023) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071521-111836 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Ezratty, V., Ormandy, D., Laurent, M.-H., Duburcq, A., Lenchi, C., Boutière, F., Cabanes, P.-A., & Lambrozo, J.
- Affiliations
- Service des Etudes Médicales d’EDF, Levallois-Perret, France
- University of Warwick (GB)
- EDF R&D, Dpt ENERBAT, Les Renardières, Moret sur Loing, France
- Cemka-Eval (France) (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Ezratty, Véronique
- ORCID
- Duburcq, Anne
- Venue
- Indoor and Built Environment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-06-09
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 999-1008
- ISSN
- 1420-326X (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0070
- OpenAlex
- W2623509392
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Indoor and Built Environment (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Energy and Environment Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
- Keywords
- fuel poverty, health care costs, energy vulnerability, indoor temperature, respiratory health, France, England
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