Researching the researcher-as-instrument: an exercise in interviewer self-reflexivity

Pezalla, Anne E; Pettigrew, Jonathan; Miller-Day, Michelle

doi:10.1177/1468794111422107

Cited by 362Qualitative Research Methods and EthicsFocus Groups and Qualitative MethodsQualitative Research Methods and Applications

Researching the researcher-as-instrument: an exercise in interviewer self-reflexivity

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Pezalla, Anne E, Pettigrew, Jonathan, Miller-Day, Michelle·2012·Qualitative Research

DOI 10.1177/1468794111422107PMC PMC4539962

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Abstract

Because the researcher is the instrument in semistructured or unstructured qualitative interviews, unique researcher characteristics have the potential to influence the collection of empirical materials. This concept, although widely acknowledged, has garnered little systematic investigation. This article discusses the interviewer characteristics of three different interviewers who are part of a qualitative research team. The researcher/interviewers - and authors of this article - reflect on their own and each other's interviews and explore the ways in which individual interview practices create unique conversational spaces. The results suggest that certain interviewer characteristics may be more effective than others in eliciting detailed narratives from respondents depending on the perceived sensitivity of the topic, but that variation in interviewer characteristics may benefit rather than detract from the goals of team-based qualitative inquiry. The authors call for the inclusion of enhanced self-reflexivity in interviewer training and development activities and argue against standardization of interviewer practices in qualitative research teams.

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It is essential to the quality and rigour of qualitative research to be transparent about research processes, how they unfold and their inescapable linkage to researcher positionality.
“Counter to this, it is arguably essential to the quality and rigour of qualitative research to be transparent about research processes, how they unfold and their inescapable linkage to researcher positionality (Mason, 2002; Pezalla et al., 2012; Rose, 2020).”
From Moving beyond ‘shopping list’ positionality: Using kitchen table reflexivity and in/visible tools to develop reflexive qualitative research (2023) · cites this paper as Pezalla et al., 2012
My positionality as a researcher has, unavoidably, directly impacted upon the data that has been created.
“My positionality as a researcher has, unavoidably, directly impacted upon the data that has been created (Pezalla et al., 2012).”
From Moving beyond ‘shopping list’ positionality: Using kitchen table reflexivity and in/visible tools to develop reflexive qualitative research (2023) · cites this paper as Pezalla et al., 2012
For the majority of participants, geographical belonging was established, and being able to situate the author as the geographical 'other' shaped the narratives shared and the techniques used to do so.
“For the majority of participants in this research, geographical belonging was established, and so being able to situate me as the geographical ' other ' shaped the narratives shared and the techniques used to do so (Pezalla et al., 2012).”
From Moving beyond ‘shopping list’ positionality: Using kitchen table reflexivity and in/visible tools to develop reflexive qualitative research (2023) · cites this paper as Pezalla et al., 2012

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Authors: Pezalla, A. E., Pettigrew, J., & Miller-Day, M.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
ORCID: Pezalla, Anne E
Pettigrew, Jonathan
Miller-Day, Michelle
Venue: Qualitative Research
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2012-04
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Pages: 165-185
ISSN: 1468-7941 (ISSN-L)
1741-3109
DOI: 10.1177/1468794111422107
PMC: PMC4539962
OpenAlex: W4319307929
Cited by: 361
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 50.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Qualitative Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA021670)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Focus Groups and Qualitative Methods
Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
Keywords: interviewer characteristics, qualitative interviews, interviewer training, narrative elicitation

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Researching the researcher-as-instrument: an exercise in interviewer self-reflexivity

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