Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 355

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Visual essentialism and the object of visual culture

Open access
Bal, Mieke·2003·Journal of Visual Culture
DOI 10.1177/147041290300200101
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The double question whether visual culture studies is a discipline or an interdisciplinary movement, and which methods are most suited to practice in this field, can only be addressed by way of the object. This article probes the difficulty of defining or delimiting the object of study without the reassuring and widespread visual essentialism that, in the end, can only be tautological.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/147041290300200101

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 53 references

Cited by

See all 355

Metadata

Authors
Bal, M.
Venue
Journal of Visual Culture
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2003-04
Volume
2
Issue
1
Pages
5-32
ISSN
  • 1470-4129 (ISSN-L)
  • 1741-2994
DOI
10.1177/147041290300200101
OpenAlex
W2149401648
Cited by
355
References
53
FWCI
256.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Visual essentialism and the object of visual culture. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/147041290300200101
The paper
Bal, M. (2003). Visual essentialism and the object of visual culture. Journal of Visual Culture. https://doi.org/10.1177/147041290300200101

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.