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The voice of inclusion in the midst of neoliberalist noise in the Bologna Process
Open accessAbstract
This article belongs to a limited body of scholarship concerning inclusion in the Bologna Process. The Bologna Process aims to create the European Higher Education Area with comparable higher education structures within the European Higher Education Area member states. Unlike previous research that focuses on the implementation of one of the Bologna Process inclusion-related action lines (i.e. lifelong learning, student-centred education and social dimension), this article adopts a broader lens, and investigates the evolution of the meaning of ‘inclusion’ in the key international Bologna Process policy documents. This article argues that there is still a lack of clarity around the meaning of ‘inclusion’ in the Bologna Process, and the list of underprivileged groups that the Bologna Process aims to include in higher education, is absent. This article calls for an urgent review of this problem in the Bologna Process at the European Higher Education Area ministerial conference scheduled for 2020 which will set the agenda for post-2020 work in the European Higher Education Area.
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“The dilution of disability into the melting pot of diversity is manifested in how disability, in contrast to gender, social class and age, has been at the periphery of scholarly work on inclusion in Higher Education (HE) (Kushnir 2020).”
From Accessibility and universal design in higher education curricula: implications for inclusion/exclusion (2025) · cites this paper as Kushnir 2020
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- Bologna Follow Up Group (2005b) From Berlin to Bergen: General report of the Bologna Follow Up Group to the Conference of European ministers. Available at: http://www.ehea.info/media.ehea.info/file/2005_Bergen/37/9/2005_Bergen_BFUG_Report_577379.pdf (accessed 20 July 2017).
- European Higher Education Area (2003) Realising the European Higher Education Area: Communique of the Conference of ministers responsible for higher education in Berlin on 19 September 2003. Berlin: EHEA. Available at: http://www.ehea.info/media.ehea.info/file/2003_Berlin/28/4/2003_Berlin_Communique_English_577284.pdf (accessed 16 July 2018).
- European Higher Education Area (2005) The European Higher Education Area – achieving the goals: Communique of the Conference of European ministers responsible for higher education, Bergen, 19–20 May 2005. Bergen: EHEA. Available at: http://www.ehea.info/media.ehea.info/file/2005_Bergen/52/0/2005_Bergen_Communique_english_580520.pdf (accessed 16 July 2018).
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mavrou, K., Theodorou, E., Mouka, M., & Liasidou, A. (2025) · Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13562517.2025.2507244 · Cited by 13
“At the same time, the ‘soft govern-ance’ characterizing the EHEA harmonization initiatives gives national policymakers discretionary power in interpreting and implementing the ‘social dimension of inclusion,’ focusing on diversity and its acceptance in HE (see Kushnir 2020).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Kushnir, I.
- Affiliations
- Nottingham Trent University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kushnir, Iryna
- ORCID
- Kushnir, Iryna
- Venue
- European Educational Research Journal
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2020-07-16
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 485-505
- ISSN
- 1474-9041 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3042640646
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 12.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Educational Research Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- nottingham trent university
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Governance and Development
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Global Educational Policies and Reforms
- Social Sciences › Education › Global Education Systems and Policies
- Keywords
- Bologna Process, inclusive higher education, European Higher Education Area, neoliberalism, disadvantaged groups, higher education policy, lifelong learning, student-centered learning, social dimension of higher education
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- Kushnir, I. (2020). The voice of inclusion in the midst of neoliberalist noise in the Bologna Process. European Educational Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904120941694
