The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Experimental Evaluations of a Model of Mental Workload
Abstract
The present experiments were designed to test predictions from a model of mental workload. The model predicts non-linear increases in mental workload as perceived distance from a task goal grows and effective time for action is reduced. Diminution of mental workload is achieved by application of effort which brings the task goal into the region of acceptable time/distance constraints for successful resolution. Two experiments are reported which tested these assertions using the timepools performance task. Timepools is unique as a performance task in that it generates a spatial representation of a shrinking temporal target. The independent effects of path length, i.e., the number of sequential targets to be acquired, and shrink rate, i.e., the collapse time during which the circle is halved in area, may be assessed using performance variables such as reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), error rate (E), and the subjective perception of workload. Data from Experiment 1, indicate systematic effects for task related factors across performance and workload measures, although such a pattern was not isomorphically mapped to the a priori assumed difficulty of the task. In Experiment 2, shrink rate and path length had independent effect on RT and MT respectively, which were reflected in components of the individual workload scales. The ramifications with respect to the model are elaborated.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The relationship between mental workload and performance is curvilinear.
“the relationship between mental workload and performance is curvilinear”
From Workflow interruption and nurses’ mental workload in electronic health record tasks: An observational study (2023) · cites this paper as [51]
Citations
Cites
Handbook of perception and human performance
Boff, K. R., Kaufman, L., & Thomas, J. P. (1986) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 4,033
(1979) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0884-4 · Cited by 181
Mental workload dynamics in adaptive interface design
Hancock, P. A., & Chignell, M. (1988) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/21.17382 · Cited by 150
Self-citationKantowitz, B. H. (1987) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(08)62307-9 · Cited by 74
Step Tracking Shrinking Targets
Johnson, W. W., & Hart, S. G. (1987) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193128703100225 · Cited by 9
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Hancock P. A., 1988, Human mental workload.
- Hart S. G., 1987, Human mental workload., 139
- O'Donnell R. D., 1986, Handbook of perception and human performance., 1
- Reid G. B., 1987, Human mental workload., 185
Cited by
Sorted by citations
(1992) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 141
Model-Based Analysis and Classification of Driver Distraction Under Secondary Tasks
Ersal, T., Fuller, H. J. A., Tsimhoni, O., Stein, J. L., & Fathy, H. K. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2010.2049741 · Cited by 119
Experimental Evaluation of a Model of Mental Workload
Hancock, P. A., & Caird, J. K. (1993) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872089303500303 · Cited by 117
Self-citationShan, Y., Shang, J., Yan, Y., & Ye, X. (2023) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01209-9 · Cited by 79
Kokini, C. M., Lee, S., Koubek, R. J., & Moon, S. K. (2012) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2011.622973 · Cited by 14
Ahead-of-time debugging, or programming not in the dark
Snell, J. L. (2002) · International Workshop on Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) · doi:10.1109/step.1997.615516 · Cited by 3
Can ergonomics/human factors survive?
Hancock, P. A., & Hancock, G. M. (2025) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2025.2509349 · Cited by 1
Self-citationWorkload and Strategic Adaptation under Transformations of Visual-Coordinative Mappings
Caird, J. K., Hancock, P. A., Wade, M. G., & Vercruyssen, M. (1990) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193129003401724 · Cited by 1
Self-citationShan, Y., Shang, J., Yan, Y., & Ye, X. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22617770
Shan, Y., Shang, J., Yan, Y., & Ye, X. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22617767
Metadata
- Authors
- Hancock, P. A., Chignell, M. H., Vercruyssen, M., & Denhoff, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1989-10
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 1233-1237
- ISSN
- 0163-5182 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2330395909
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Keywords
- mental workload, perceived workload, reaction time, movement time, error rate, path length, workload modeling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
