The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Brain on Stress: Toward an Integrative Approach to Brain, Body, and Behavior
Open accessAbstract
The discovery of stress-hormone receptors in the hippocampal formation has fostered research showing that the brain, including its higher cognitive centers, is the key organ of the response to stressors, in terms of both perception of what is stressful and its ability to determine the consequences of stress for brain and body via the neuroendocrine, autonomic, immune, and metabolic systems. These systems, in turn, are responsible for either successful adaptation or pathophysiology as a result of the cumulative burden of adaptation to stress and maladaptive lifestyle, which is known as “allostatic load.” The brain itself is also a target of stress and stress-related hormones, and it undergoes structural and functional remodeling and significant changes in gene expression. These changes are adaptive under normal circumstances but can lead to damage when stress is excessive. The growing recognition of the adaptive plasticity and stress vulnerability of the brain itself, which began with research on the hippocampus, now includes other brain regions such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex and fear-related memories, working memory, and self-regulatory behaviors. The interactions between these brain regions during the biological embedding of experiences over the life course determines whether events in the social and physical environment will lead to successful adaptation or to maladaptation and impaired mental and physical health, with implications for understanding health disparities and the impact of early life adversity and for intervention and prevention strategies.
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“Short disruptions or acute stress followed by rapid recoveries would function as neural exercises promoting resilience.”
From Polyvagal Theory: A Science of Safety (2022) · cites this paper as McEwen, 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Intermediate phenotypes comprised of upregulations in these systems are thought to be central to the pathogenesis of stress-related illness (McEwen, 2013).”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as McEwen, 2013
In the citing paper
“allostatic load, a process through which an individual’s failure to adapt to conditions of repeated or chronic stress leads to wear-and tear on the body (McEwen, 2013; McEwen, 1998).”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as McEwen, 2013
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Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
McEwen, B. S. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801153380307 · Cited by 6,733 · cited 3×
“The prolongation of cortisol secretion and its chronic effects on brain and body contribute to allostatic load (McEwen, 1998).”
Self-citationPhysiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain
McEwen, B. S. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00041.2006 · Cited by 5,429 · cited 8×
“…such as exercise (Erickson et al., 2011), cognitive-behavioral therapies (Davidson & McEwen, 2012), social support (Seeman et al., 2010), good sleep and a prudent diet, and by policies that encourage people to adopt healthier lifestyles and reduce stress (McEwen, 2007; McEwen & Gianaros, 2011).”
InfluentialSelf-citationExercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory
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Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children
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The Neuroendocrinology of Stress and Aging: The Glucocorticoid Cascade Hypothesis
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Self-citationShonkoff, J. P., Boyce, W. T., & McEwen, B. S. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.754 · Cited by 2,326
Self-citationMcEwen, B. S., & Gianaros, P. J. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05331.x · Cited by 1,715
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Metadata
- Authors
- McEwen, B. S.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McEwen, Bruce S.
- ORCID
- McEwen, Bruce S.
- Venue
- Perspectives on Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 673-675
- ISSN
- 1745-6916 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-6924
- PMC
- PMC4159187
- OpenAlex
- W2047200192
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 5.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Perspectives on Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH041256)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- stress, stress hormones, hippocampus, allostatic load, neuroplasticity, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, fear memory, working memory, self-regulation, biological embedding, childhood adversity, health disparities, neuroendocrine system, autonomic systems, immune system, metabolic systems, maladaptive stress response
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