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The Empirical Status of Mindfulness-Based Interventions: A Systematic Review of 44 Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Open accessAbstract
In response to questions regarding the scientific basis for mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), we evaluated their empirical status by systematically reviewing meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched six databases for effect sizes based on four or more trials that did not combine passive and active controls. Heterogeneity, moderators, tests of publication bias, risk of bias, and adverse effects were also extracted. Representative effect sizes based on the largest number of studies were identified across a wide range of populations, problems, interventions, comparisons, and outcomes (PICOS). A total of 160 effect sizes were reported in 44 meta-analyses ( k = 336 RCTs, N = 30,483 participants). MBIs showed superiority to passive controls across most PICOS ( ds = 0.10–0.89). Effects were typically smaller and less often statistically significant compared with active controls. MBIs were similar or superior to specific active controls and evidence-based treatments. Heterogeneity was typically moderate. Few consistent moderators were found. Results were generally robust to publication bias, although other important sources of bias were identified. Reporting of adverse effects was inconsistent. Statistical power may be lacking in meta-analyses, particularly for comparisons with active controls. Because MBIs show promise across some PICOS, future RCTs and meta-analyses should build on identified strengths and limitations of this literature.
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“Much of the ST literature relies on self-report instruments such as the Self-Transcendence Scale (109) and the Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (38), which—like other contemplative measures—face issues of construct overlap and response bias (110).”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [110]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness meditation (MM) is one individual‐level solution that has shown promise for reducing burnout in clinicians, but has not been studied in GCs.”
From The effects of mindfulness meditation on burnout in clinical genetic counselors: A three-arm randomized controlled trial (2026) · cites this paper as Goldberg et al., 2022
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Meditation trials with passive controls can overestimate effect sizes by 30%–40% compared to those with active controls (Goldberg et al., 2022; Goyal et al., 2014).”
From The effects of mindfulness meditation on burnout in clinical genetic counselors: A three-arm randomized controlled trial (2026) · cites this paper as Goldberg et al., 2022
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“A 2022 systematic review found mindfulness superior to active controls for stress in healthcare providers (Cascales‐Pérez et al., 2021; Goldberg et al., 2022).”
From The effects of mindfulness meditation on burnout in clinical genetic counselors: A three-arm randomized controlled trial (2026) · cites this paper as Goldberg et al., 2022
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“These findings need to be interpreted with caution, given that they arise from secondary analyses, and because it has been well demonstrated that comparisons to a passive control can both overestimate effect sizes and identify effectiveness erroneously (Davidson & Kaszniak, 2015; Goldberg et al., 2022; Kinser & Robins, 2013).”
From The effects of mindfulness meditation on burnout in clinical genetic counselors: A three-arm randomized controlled trial (2026) · cites this paper as Goldberg et al., 2022
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“Meta-analyses involving hundreds of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that meditation training can decrease psychological symptoms (eg, depression, anxiety, stress) and increase aspects of well-being and positive functioning (eg, meaning in life, compassion, prosocial behavior) [6-15].”
From Testing the efficacy of a multicomponent, self-guided, smartphone-based meditation app: Three-armed randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
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“MBIs have demonstrated efficacy in addressing comorbid conditions, such as depressive symptoms and stress, which are frequently associated with SUD [24, 25].”
From The feasibility of mindfulness‐based relapse prevention for adults with substance use disorders (illicit drugs) in a Chinese population: A pilot randomized controlled trial. (2026) · cites this paper as [24]
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“This is consistent with previous literature whereby mindfulness-based interventions were slightly superior to other active controls in adults when analysing a variety of health outcomes, including stress (Goldberg et al., 2022).”
From Effectiveness of stress management interventions to change cortisol levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2024) · cites this paper as Goldberg et al., 2022
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“and larger magnitude of effects specific to mindfulness interventions were when compared to passive controls, with smaller, yet still significant effects when compared to some active controls (Goldberg et al., 2022).”
From Effectiveness of stress management interventions to change cortisol levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2024) · cites this paper as Goldberg et al., 2022
In the citing paper
“there is overwhelming evidence that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) might be helpful for psychological and to a lesser extent physical health in clinical5,6 and non-clinical populations7,8.”
From A common factors perspective on mindfulness-based interventions (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“MBIs might reduce psychosomatic outcomes like pain and sleep relative to no treatment, although evidence is less robust particularly for sleep than that for psychological symptoms, with fewer studies available and confidence intervals that include zero5.”
From A common factors perspective on mindfulness-based interventions (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“There is some evidence that MBIs slightly outperform specific active controls (other interventions intended to be therapeutic, such as physical exercise or relaxation training54) on psychiatric symptoms6 but not physical health conditions5.”
From A common factors perspective on mindfulness-based interventions (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Differences between MBIs and other therapies are small when compared directly in RCTs (standardized mean difference ≈ ≤ 0.20, limited relative efficacy5).”
From A common factors perspective on mindfulness-based interventions (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“If control conditions are interpreted as a homogeneous group, interventions compared with stronger control conditions may be perceived as less effective18,26.”
From Selecting and describing control conditions in mobile health randomized controlled trials: a proposed typology (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
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InfluentialYu, B. C. L., Ng, J. C. K., Chio, F. H. N., & Mak, W. W. S. (2024) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12634 · Cited by 5
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“Decades of research indicate that mindfulness-based interventions can effectively alleviate anxiety [2].”
The Ethical Dimensions of Mindfulness in Public Health
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Gray, L., Marcynikola, N., Barnett, I., & Torous, J. B. (2024) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/jicm.2023.0698 · Cited by 5
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“…scanning of body sensations, commonly taught in Mind-fulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programs (Kabat-Zinn, 2013), are the most scientifically studied and practiced meditation techniques in Western cultures (Baminiwatta & Solangaarachchi, 2021; Galante et al., 2023; Goldberg et al., 2022).”
Hungerford, C. L., Hills, S., Richards, C., Robinson, T., & Hills, D. (2022) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2022.2116510 · Cited by 7
Tabi, K., Bhullar, M., Fantu, L., Shulman, B., Dueck, R., Hippman, C., Ryan, D. M., & Stewart, S. E. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051935 · Cited by 5
Hirshberg, M. J., Frye, C. J., Dahl, C. J., Riordan, K. M., Vack, N., Sachs, J., Goldman, R. I., Davidson, R. J., & Goldberg, S. B. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/hrvmu · Cited by 5
Self-citationBorgdorf, K. S. A., Küchler, G., Wrzus, C., & Aguilar‐Raab, C. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-27697-0 · Cited by 4
“The current findings contribute to the ongoing debate about common and specific change mechanisms across different intervention types 36,42,76 .”
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“While no RCTs were found investigating these theoretical differences empirically, evidence from a meta-analysis and clinical guidelines suggests the primary processes targeted across MBIs may result in differences in clinical outcomes (APS, 2018; Goldberg et al., 2022b).”
Xu, L., Goldberg, S. B., Zhang, L., & Hu, C. (2026) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2026.102693 · Cited by 8
Self-citationHolas, P., & Wardęszkiewicz, J. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02738-x · Cited by 5
Trombeta, G., Barham, E. J., & Bertho, M. A. C. (2024) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-024-00380-5 · Cited by 9
“According to Goldberg et al. (2021), in most MBI studies, it is not possible to “blind” participants and instructors to their study conditions.”
InfluentialMcDonald, H., Valmaggia, L., Antonova, E., & Chadwick, P. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1380077 · Cited by 5
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“…interventions) is positively linked to favorable psychological (Sommers-Spijkerman et al., 2021; Tomlinson et al., 2018; Wielgosz et al., 2019) and physical outcomes (Conversano et al., 2021; Goldberg et al., 2022; Greeson & Chin, 2016), in both clinical and non-clinical populations.”
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“…while there is good evidence that specific forms of meditation (e.g. mindfulness) can be beneficial for several health and wellbeing outcomes [3, 4], recent data suggests that meditation is not helpful for everyone, and that adverse effects ranging from mild anxiety, emotional and sleep…”
Mantra meditation as adjunctive therapy in major depression: A randomized controlled trial
Bringmann, H. C., Sulz, A., Ritter, P. S., Brunnhuber, S., Bauer, M., & Mayer-Pelinski, R. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100232 · Cited by 6
Gawrysiak, M. J., Pohlig, R. T., Chaoul, A., Vaughn, M. G., Rocco, G., Clark, C., Grassetti, S. N., Petrovitch, D., & Wangyal, T. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02292-4 · Cited by 4
“To date, a robust literature supports the use of these structured meditation training programs to address a range of concerns, with benefits being observed in reduced depression and stress and improvements in mindfulness (Alsubaie et al., 2017; Goldberg et al., 2021).”
BackgroundBeschleunigung, Resonanz und Achtsamkeit
Michalak, J., Nething, E., & Heidenreich, T. (2022) · Die Psychotherapie · doi:10.1007/s00278-022-00584-z · Cited by 4
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“Overall, we can conclude that the favourable general improvements in subjective affect, found both in the context of MBIs (Goldberg et al., 2022; Khoury et al., 2013) and the present study, do not seem to be clearly related to acute cardiac or cortical responses to a personally relevant stress task.”
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“They also reduce clinical and non-clinical problems (Baer et al., 2006; Brown & Ryan, 2003; Brown et al., 2007; Goldberg et al., 2022; Grossman et al., 2004; Hofmann et al., 2010; Keng et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2021).”
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“Concretely, the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR; Kabat-Zinn, 1982) program is the prototype from which most of MBPs have evolved (Creswell, 2017).”
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“…Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction [45], mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been found in RCTs to be as effective and even superior alternatives to other evidence-based psycho-social interventions in meta-studies across a myriad of targeted problems and multiple populations [46].”
Diener, M. L., Sartor, S., Becraft, A., & Oh, Y. J. (2025) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-025-00231-3 · Cited by 3
“While our study was conducted in the U.S., the foundational components of Thrive—positive psychology, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness— have international evidence bases and cross-cultural applicability (Goldberg et al., 2022; Hendricks et al., 2018; Ng & Wong, 2018).”
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“[136] Emotional intelligence also plays a protective role, correlating with rational thinking, improved stress management, and fewer patient care errors, supporting the growing body of research on the benefits of emotional intelligence in healthcare.”
Joss, D. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08245-5 · Cited by 3
“…common psychological therapies had small effects sizes compared to active control conditions, such as MBIs for various mental health conditions (Goldberg et al., 2022), exposure therapy for PTSD (McLean et al., 2022), as well as Exposure and Relapse Prevention (ERP) for OCD (Song et al., 2022).”
Gutiérrez-Cabrero, A., & González-García, M. (2025) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101974 · Cited by 4
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Tagliabue, L., Piscitelli, D., Cerroni, F., & Purpura, G. (2025) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/10901981251361963 · Cited by 3
“In addition, this protocol has expanded beyond the health care field over the past 30 years into numerous social, occupational, and personal contexts (Goldberg et al., 2022; Pagni et al., 2023; Türkoğlu & Kavuran, 2024).”
Denninger, J. W., Joss, D., Romero, P. M., Khalsa, S. B. S., Hoge, E. A., Bhasin, M., Lazar, S. W., Dusek, J. A., Macklin, E. A., Libermann, T. A., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1653242 · Cited by 4
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Baumann, I., Kalmar, J., Gruber, E., Blanck, P., Vonderlin, E., Heidenreich, T., & Mander, J. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23645 · Cited by 3
Mindfulness Predicts Mind Wandering and Differentially Affects Its Controllability in Everyday Life
Normann, A., Voracek, M., & Tran, U. S. (2024) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2024.2326339 · Cited by 4
“Kabat-Zinn, 1994, p. 4) is a construct highly relevant for clinical contexts (e.g., Goldberg, Riordan, Sun, & Davidson, 2021), and in addition is associated with a host of other psychological constructs, such as prosocial behavior or motivation (Donald et al., 2018, 2021).”
Mindfulness and Social Cognitive Processing
Singha, R. (2024) · Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1265-0.ch007 · Cited by 5
Mindfulness meditation use in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic
Simonsson, O., & Fisher, S. D. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303349 · Cited by 3
Mental Wellness and Technology
Singha, R., & Singha, S. (2024) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9158-7.ch004 · Cited by 3
Burgess, D. J., Calvert, C., Bangerter, A. K., Branson, M., Cross, L. J., Evans, R., Ferguson, J. E., Friedman, J. K., Campbell, E. H., Haley, A. C., et al. (2024) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnae056 · Cited by 3
Hirshberg, M. J., Flook, L., Sundaram-Stukel, R., & Davidson, R. J. (2021) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101396 · Cited by 6
Self-citationThe relationship between task value, mental fatigue, and motivation: The role of trait mindfulness
Wójcik, N. E., & Maj, M. (2025) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113120 · Cited by 3
Associations between psychedelic-related and meditation-related variables: A longitudinal study
Simonsson, O., Chaturvedi, S., Hendricks, P. S., Stenfors, C. U. D., Osika, W., Narayanan, J., Palitsky, R., & Goldberg, S. B. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.03.025 · Cited by 3
Self-citationAdvancing the Study of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Relation to Psychological Health
Lucas‐Thompson, R. G., & Moran, M. J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20085473 · Cited by 3
“Critically, much of this evidence suggests that the effects of MBIs are durable, such that effects at post-test are maintained over these follow-up periods [9,11] In addition, direct tests of the extent to which the length of the follow-up period moderates program effects suggest that length does not influence these e…”
BackgroundMindfulness-based approaches to mental health
Nauphal, M., Cardona, N. D., Morgan, L. P. K., & Eustis, E. H. (2023) · Encyclopedia of Mental Health · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00053-9 · Cited by 2
Monsillion, J., Romo, L., & Zebdi, R. (2025) · Pediatric Reports · doi:10.3390/pediatric17020031 · Cited by 6
“These studies show that MBIs are effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and depressive relapse while improving cognitive functions and quality of life in clinical and general populations, adults, and youth [27,28].”
Birnkraut, T., Kellmann, M., & Jakowski, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1583058 · Cited by 3
“In particular, the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on sleep are less well established and robust than those on other psychological constructs (39, 40).”
Self-Compassion and Resilience of Teachers in Integrated Schools, Cateel, Davao Oriental
Badiable, J. P. (2025) · doi:10.38124/ijisrt/25may2341 · Cited by 2
Aicher, H., Wicki, I. A., Meling, D., Mueller, M. J., Dornbierer, D., & Scheidegger, M. (2025) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811251344689 · Cited by 2
“Improvement of mindfulness-and compassion-related capabilities through different forms of meditation practices can lead to better psychological well-being (Brown and Ryan, 2003; Coffey et al., 2010; Goldberg et al., 2022; Khoury et al., 2013; Reangsing et al., 2021).”
Skovbjerg, S., Kolls, M., Kjærbye‐Thygesen, A., & Fjorback, L. O. (2025) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-025-01670-0 · Cited by 2
“Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have a growing evidence-base, with meta-analyses and systematic reviews consistently pointing to improvements in mental well-being [19] and to reductions in symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in both clinical and non-clinical adult populations [20].”
Effects of a mindfulness intervention on emotion differentiation and heart rate variability
Guendelman, S., Lutz, M., Koenig, J., Bayer, M., & Dziobek, I. (2025) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2025.1515334 · Cited by 3
Xie, Q., Goldberg, S. B., Jacobson, N. A., Rakel, D. P., & Quanbeck, A. (2025) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s568016 · Cited by 4
“48 However, there is a small proportion of meditation practitioners who reported meditation-related adverse effects (eg, traumatic re-experiencing, functional impairment), and practitioners with childhood adversity experiences (eg, abuse) have an elevated risk of experiencing meditation-related…”
Self-citationOlder Adults, Well-Being, and Affect: Music Sessions Vis-à-Vis Music-With-Meditation Sessions
Pandya, S. P. (2023) · Activities Adaptation & Aging · doi:10.1080/01924788.2023.2201738 · Cited by 3
Cheng, D., Young, D. K. W., Carlbring, P., Petrus Yat-nam, N. G., & Hung, S. L. (2023) · Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work · doi:10.1080/26408066.2023.2281418 · Cited by 2
Mindfulness-Based Programs: Origins, Emergence, and Adaptations
Lo, H. H. M. (2024) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51943-7_1 · Cited by 2
Tschenett, H., Funk, G., Vafai-Tabrizi, F., & Nater, U. M. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02387-6 · Cited by 3
“…been shown to improve various somatic and mental health outcomes, among them also symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as biological correlates of stress like immune functioning, in healthy and clinical populations (Goldberg et al., 2021; Oyler et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2021).”
Schlosser, M., Gonneaud, J., Poletti, S., Bouet, R., Klimecki, O., Collette, F., Marchant, N. L., Chételat, G., Antoine Lutz, A., André, C., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-77069-3 · Cited by 2
Miller, M. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/26907240.2024.2408864 · Cited by 2
How Meditation Promotes Well‐Being: Applying a Dual‐System Theory
Lehman, B. J., Fogel, C. A., & Wiederaenders, E. (2025) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.70037 · Cited by 5
Schepers, M., Lagerweij, P., Geurts, D. E. M., Krause, F., den Ouden, H. E. M., Cools, R., Speckens, A. E. M., & Collin, G. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06430-7 · Cited by 5
Joss, D., Rosansky, J. A., Gardiner, P. M., Edwards, R. R., Weiss, R. D., Napadow, V., & Schuman‐Olivier, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1529106 · Cited by 2
Mindfulness for the Mental Health of Working Women: How Effective Is It and What Are the Challenges?
Hapsari, R. K. M. (2025) · Indigenous Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi · doi:10.23917/indigenous.v10i1.11733 · Cited by 2
Xie, Q., Amo, V., Nahum-Shani, I. B., & Goldberg, S. B. (2025) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-025-00568-1 · Cited by 2
“…as mindfulness, loving-kindness, and compassion-based interventions, have now been tested in hundreds of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) targeting a range of psychological and physical health conditions, with some evidence for efficacy (Galante et al., 2014; Goldberg, Riordan, et al., 2022).”
Self-citationKnudsen, R. K., Timmermann, C., Ammentorp, J., Skovbjerg, S., Tousig, C. G., & Storkholm, M. H. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02808-8 · Cited by 2
“Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have confirmed the effectiveness of MBIs in enhancing mental health and alleviating symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression (Goldberg et al., 2022; Kriakous et al., 2021; Vonderlin et al., 2020).”
de Zavala, A. G., Förster, C. A., Ziegler, M. D., Nalberczak‐Skóra, M., Ciesielski, P., & Mazurkiewicz, M. (2024) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12518 · Cited by 4
“A recent meta-analytical summary of findings in mindfulness intervention literature shows that the effects of those interventions are similar in both gender groups, but typically smaller among women than among men (Goldberg et al., 2022).”
BackgroundRoudebush, M., Murray, D. W., Netschytailo, H., & Jensen, T. M. (2024) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12294 · Cited by 2
Changing the emotion process: The role of emotion regulation
Bjureberg, J., & Gross, J. J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95604-8.00015-0 · Cited by 6
Achtsamkeitsbasierte Kognitive Therapie der Depression
Meibert, P., Heidenreich, T., & Michalak, J. (2024) · DNP – Die Neurologie & Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s15202-024-6343-3 · Cited by 2
“…44 Metaana-lysen mit insgesamt 336 Studien und 30.000 Patientinnen und Patienten zusammenfasste, ergab, dass achtsamkeitsbasierte In-terventionen (einschließlich MBCT) bei einer Vielzahl von Po-pulationen, Problemen und Outcomes stärkere Effekte aufwie-sen als passive Kontrollinterventionen [10].”
InfluentialGalante, J., Friedrich, C., Dalgleish, T., White, I. R., & Jones, P. B. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/3gsv9 · Cited by 2
Hirshberg, M. J., Flook, L., Sundaram-Stukel, R., & Davidson, R. J. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/bxy2a · Cited by 2
Self-citationThe Role of Counselor Trainees' Co-Regulated Mindfulness: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Study
Warwick, L. (2023) · doi:10.12794/metadc2137602 · Cited by 2
Luangapichart, P., Saisavoey, N., & Viravan, N. (2022) · doi:10.1101/2022.08.09.22278601 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Goldberg, S. B., Riordan, K. M., Sun, S., & Davidson, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goldberg, Simon B.
- Venue
- Perspectives on Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-02-16
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 108-130
- ISSN
- 1745-6916 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-6924
- PMC
- PMC8364929
- OpenAlex
- W3132572579
- Cited by
- 520
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 117 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 26
- FWCI
- 9.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Perspectives on Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH43454, T32MH078788)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (K23AT010879, P01AT004952)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, effect size, passive control, active control, evidence-based treatment, publication bias, risk of bias, adverse effects, statistical power, heterogeneity, moderators
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Bias, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Mindfulness
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