Text, Lies and Electronic Bait: An Analysis of Email Fraud and the Decisions of the Unsuspecting
Abstract
Despite the preponderance of advance fee fraud scams, many in society still fall victim to such con games. The internet has provided scammers with an opportunity to perpetrate fraud on a global scale. In particular, the 419 email scam has become a popular tool used by scammers to entice their victims. Our purpose is to establish rhetorical moves that exist in these 419 messages, and then analyze the intention of the scammers behind each move — a scam must shake the potential victim out of the status quo behavior. In other words, how is the content of particular moves able to facilitate change in a potential victim’s mind, goading him or her to unwise action? After examining each move in light of features considered necessary for mind change, it was determined that the scammers are most concerned about building solidarity with the mark and playing to a mark’s egocentrism, both of which keep the mark from making well-informed decisions.
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These descriptions are flattering, and as such both increase the victim's feelings of solidarity with the fraudster and disguise the fraudster's scripting behaviour.
“These descriptions are flattering, and as such both increase the victim's feelings of solidarity with the fraudster (Freiermuth 2011) and disguise the fraudster's scripting behaviour (Carter 2015).”
From The Language of Romance Crimes (2024) · cites this paper as Freiermuth 2011
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- Authors
- Freiermuth, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Gunma Prefectural Women's University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Freiermuth, Mark R
- ORCID
- Freiermuth, Mark R
- Venue
- Discourse & Communication
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 123-145
- ISSN
- 1750-4813 (ISSN-L)
- 1750-4821
- OpenAlex
- W1988196443
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 7.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Discourse & Communication (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Spam and Phishing Detection
- Keywords
- email fraud, advance fee fraud, persuasion, victim decision-making, self-centeredness, solidarity, online fraud
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