The new grey of memory: Andrew Hoskins in conversation with Huw Halstead
Open accessAbstract
Andrew Hoskins – interviewed by Huw Halstead – discusses the tensions and paradoxes of memory and place in the connective era. Digital media liberate memory from the spatial archive, but they also create a connective compulsion and dependency, a disconnect from the present moment and a loss of control over memory. The overwhelming abundance and immediacy of digital data breed a placelessness of the digital traces of ourselves, an algorithmic narrowing of information, knowledge and life. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified this compulsion to record to such an extent that it may be considered a new memory boom, an obsessive desire to remember. Locative and mobile technology may seem to locate us in space more than ever before, but they do so in ways that are beyond our comprehension: our smartphones know more about our locatedness than we do, ushering in a ‘new grey’ in digital memory. Yet, it is critical to be aware of the variegated geography of connective memory – and of Memory Studies itself.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
AI deepens risks associated with 'grey memory'.
“In this way, AI deepens the risks associated with what I call ' grey memory ' (Hoskins and Halstead 2021).”
From AI and memory (2024) · cites this paper as Hoskins and Halstead 2021
Cites
Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man
Levine, S., & McLuhan, M. (1964) · American Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2711172 · Cited by 12,215 · see citing works
Smith, C. J., & Relph, E. (1978) · Geographical Review · doi:10.2307/213523 · Cited by 4,682 · see citing works
From Cyber to Hybrid: Mobile Technologies as Interfaces of Hybrid Spaces
de Souza e Silva, A. (2006) · Space and Culture · doi:10.1177/1206331206289022 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Media, Memory, Metaphor: Remembering and the Connective Turn
Hoskins, A. (2011) · Parallax · doi:10.1080/13534645.2011.605573 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Self-citationWar and media : the emergence of diffused war
Hoskins, A., & O’Loughlin, B. (2010) · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Self-citationIn praise of forgetting: historical memory and its ironies
Lauer, C. (2017) · International Affairs · doi:10.1093/ia/iiw015 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
7/7 and connective memory: Interactional trajectories of remembering in post-scarcity culture
Hoskins, A. (2011) · Memory Studies · doi:10.1177/1750698011402570 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationEIGHT. The Compulsion of Proximity
Boden, D., & Molotch, H. L. (1994) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520342095-009 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
This is Not Propaganda: Adventures in the War Against Reality
Ascott, T. (2020) · The RUSI Journal · doi:10.1080/03071847.2020.1731155 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Terrorism in the new memory ecology: Mediating and remembering the 2005 London Bombings
Brown, S. D., & Hoskins, A. (2010) · Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression · doi:10.1080/19434471003597399 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationCollaborative remembering: Theories, research, and applications
Emery, J. (2019) · Emotion, space and society · doi:10.1016/j.emospa.2019.03.005 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Ford, M., & Hoskins, A. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197656549.001.0001 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationHoskins, A., & Tulloch, J. C. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199375493.001.0001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationHyperhistory and the Philosophy of Information Policies
Floridi, L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04093-6_12 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Inaccessible war: media, memory, trauma and the blueprint
Hoskins, A., & Illingworth, S. (2020) · Digital War · doi:10.1057/s42984-020-00025-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The hidden power of implicit collective memory
Erll, A. (2022) · Memory, Mind & Media · doi:10.1017/mem.2022.7 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Hoskins, A. (2024) · Memory, Mind & Media · doi:10.1017/mem.2024.16 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“In this way, AI deepens the risks associated with what I call ‘ grey memory ’ (Hoskins and Halstead 2021).”
Self-citationKeeping Memories Alive: A Decennial Study of Social Media Reminiscing, Memories, and Nostalgia
Jungselius, B., & Weilenmann, A. H. (2023) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051231207850 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Makhortykh, M. (2023) · Memory Studies · doi:10.1177/17506980231202849 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Makhortykh, M. (2024) · Memory Mind & Media · doi:10.1017/mem.2024.2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mandolessi, S. (2023) · Open Research Europe · doi:10.12688/openreseurope.16228.1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Merrill, S. (2023) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781803928562.00020 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ma, X., & Wan, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985287 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Erll, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.001.0001 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Pictures in our heads: Politics of space, time, and memory in Polish virtual reality storyworlds
Kazlauskaitė, R. (2024) · Memory Studies · doi:10.1177/17506980241283895 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hoskins, A. (2025) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102156 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationUlloa, R., Zucker, E. M., Bultmann, D., Simon, D. J., & Makhortykh, M. (2025) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02719-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
When Monument Battles Go Digital: Russian–Ukrainian Conflicts over Material Heritage on Telegram
Pshenychnykh, A., Pfoser, A., & Mihelj, S. (2024) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051241242788 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Online Activism and Connective Mourning: An Examination of the #EndSARSMemorial Protests in Nigeria
Uwalaka, T., Joe, S., Amadi, F. A., & Amadi, C. C. (2023) · Journal of Communication Inquiry · doi:10.1177/01968599231190112 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Art in circulation: Creating content and context for digital reproduction of artworks
Dhaenens, L., & Truyen, F. (2024) · Curator The Museum Journal · doi:10.1111/cura.12618 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Candelaria, J. L., & Ebro, J. (2024) · Memory Studies · doi:10.1177/17506980241255074 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hoskins, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197661260.003.0003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial Media and Connective Mourning
Uwalaka, T. (2023) · Advances in religious and cultural studies (ARCS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-8093-9.ch019 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Simor, K. (2023) · Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Film and Media Studies · doi:10.2478/ausfm-2023-0012 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Myopic memory: Capitalism's new continuity in the age of AI
Pilkington, D. (2024) · Memory Mind & Media · doi:10.1017/mem.2024.21 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sharing photographs on social media enhances recollection of photograph-related details
Vasquez, A. N., Dockery, S. J., Karanian, J. M., Wang, Q., & Stone, C. B. (2025) · Memory Mind & Media · doi:10.1017/mem.2025.3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ekelund, R. (2025) · Memory Studies Review · doi:10.1163/29498902-2025xx01 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kim, M. I. J., & Song, S. W. (2025) · Pacific Focus · doi:10.1111/pafo.12278 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jumle, V., & Makhortykh, M. (2026) · Politics and Governance · doi:10.17645/pag.11830 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Editorial 1: Journeys, cases and conversations: An introduction to Memory, Mind & Media
Barnier, A. J., & Hoskins, A. (2022) · Memory Mind & Media · doi:10.1017/mem.2022.12 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationMoments to remember: The impact of mediated memory work on live event experiences
Hammelburg, E. (2024) · Memory Mind & Media · doi:10.1017/mem.2024.22 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Udenze, S., Roig, A., & Pires, F. (2025) · Memory Studies · doi:10.1177/17506980251368792 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
AI and generational amnesia: An ecological approach to ‘new memory’ regimes
Morehouse, H. (2025) · Memory Mind & Media · doi:10.1017/mem.2025.10017 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A CRITICAL DEBATE ON THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DIGITAL MEMORY
ÖZARSLAN, Z. (2022) · Galatasaray Üniversitesi İleti-ş-im Dergisi · doi:10.16878/gsuilet.1167144 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
In Search of Global Memory: Where Does the Transnational Turn in Memory Studies Lead?
Pavlovskii, A. (2023) · The Journal of Political Theory Political Philosophy and Sociology of Politics Politeia · doi:10.30570/2078-5089-2023-109-2-166-194 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Annabell, T. (2023) · Palgrave Macmillan memory studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34597-5_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Communicating memory matters: Introduction to the collection
Lohmeier, C., & Pentzold, C. (2023) · Memory Mind & Media · doi:10.1017/mem.2023.11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
27 Essay Das vergessene Vergessen
Hoskins, A. (2022) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110629743-027
Self-citationEditorial II: Meeting at the crossroads of Memory, Mind & Media
Barnier, A. J., & Hoskins, A. (2023) · Memory Mind & Media · doi:10.1017/mem.2023.3
Self-citationConclusion: The Future of Twenty-First-Century Memory
Tseng, C.-C. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-9251-3_7
Cieplak, P. A. (2023) · Open Screens · doi:10.16995/os.9768
Digital Doppelgängers: Dilemmas of Death, Data, and Deference
Freund, J., Halevi, G., Tavdi, H., & Greenbaum, D. (2025) · American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2024.2441732
The Internet Remaking of Memory
Wang, Q., & Hoskins, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197661260.003.0001
Self-citationMemory Worlds in Times of Corona
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0005
Generation in Literary History
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0007
Remediation across Time, Space, and Cultures
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0010
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.002.0005
Plurimediality and Traveling Schemata
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0011
Homer—A Relational Mnemohistory
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0004
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.002.0004
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0014
The Ethics of Premediation in James Joyce’s Ulysses
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0012
Traveling Memory in European Film
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0003
Literature, Film, and the Mediality of Cultural Memory
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0009
Locating Family in Memory Studies
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0006
The Hidden Power of Implicit Collective Memory
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0013
Fictions of Generational Memory
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0008
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0016
Erll, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197767733.003.0015
Zhou, Q., Guo, Y., Fan, Z., & Ji, T. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103685
“I Wanted to Be Part of Not Forgetting”: Digital Mediation and Memory in Post-Pandemic Times
Moses, A. (2025) · Culture Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies · doi:10.1177/15327086251411853
Pshenychnykh, A. (2026) · International Journal of Heritage Studies · doi:10.1080/13527258.2026.2642607
Erdem, S. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-2230-8.ch009
Jovanović, S. M. (2026) · National Identities · doi:10.1080/14608944.2026.2648870
We are an input, now. Generative AI and the death of the journalist as human memory-maker
Guien, L., & Hoskins, A. (2026) · Memory, Mind & Media · doi:10.1017/mem.2026.10044
Self-citationPodcasting and the production of refugee memory ecologies: A critical study of refugee podcasts
Mohan, A., & Varma, V. (2026) · Memory Mind & Media · doi:10.1017/mem.2026.10059
- Authors
- Hoskins, A., & Halstead, H.
- Affiliations
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Halstead, Huw
- Venue
- Memory Studies
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 675-685
- ISSN
- 1750-6980 (ISSN-L)
- 1750-6999
- OpenAlex
- W3169875233
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 6.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Memory Studies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Memory, History, Trauma, Identity
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Cybernetics and Technology in Society
- Keywords
- digital memory, place and memory, digital traces, placelessness, COVID-19 pandemic, memory boom, mobile technology, smartphones, geography of memory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review