Bluetooth low energy: Wireless connectivity for medical monitoring
Open accessAbstract
Electronic wireless sensors could cut medical costs by enabling physicians to remotely monitor vital signs such as blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood oxygenation while patients remain at home. According to the IDC report "Worldwide Bluetooth Semiconductor 2008-2012 Forecast," published November 2008, a forthcoming radio frequency communication ("wireless connectivity") standard, Bluetooth low energy, will link wireless sensors via radio signals to the 70% of cell phones and computers likely to be fitted with the next generation of Bluetooth wireless technology, leveraging a ready-built infrastructure for data transmission. Analysis of trends indicated by this data can help physicians better manage diseases such as diabetes. The technology also addresses the concerns of cost, compatibility, and interoperability that have previously stalled widespread adoption of wireless technology in medical applications.
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BLE can be a more suitable wireless protocol than ZigBee and low-power Wi-Fi for multi-sensor wearable bioelectric signal acquisition systems.
“Compared with ZigBee and low-power Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) can be a more suitable wireless protocol for such systems.”
From Comparison between Two Time Synchronization and Data Alignment Methods for Multi-Channel Wearable Biosensor Systems Using BLE Protocol (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
The Introduction argues that BLE better meets medical-monitoring requirements than other available wireless technologies. It identifies ZigBee’s lower bandwidth and conventional Wi-Fi’s power consumption as drawbacks. It does not specifically assess low-power Wi-Fi or multi-sensor wearable bioelectric-signal acquisition systems, so the claim extends beyond the comparison made in the paper. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBLE has lower power consumption (~1 mA) and a high transmission speed (2 Mbps) compared with low-power Wi-Fi.
“Compared with low-power Wi-Fi, BLE has lower power consumption of ~1 mA and a high transmission speed of 2 Mbps [17,18,19].”
From Comparison between Two Time Synchronization and Data Alignment Methods for Multi-Channel Wearable Biosensor Systems Using BLE Protocol (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
The Introduction describes BLE as low-power and Wi-Fi as relatively power-hungry in medical monitoring applications. But it gives BLE's bandwidth as 1 Mbps, not 2 Mbps, and its 1 mW radio output is not a ~1 mA current-consumption figure. It does not specifically compare BLE with low-power Wi-Fi. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [5]5. Title 47. Telecommunication. Chapter I: Federal Communications Commission. Part 15: radio frequency devices. Subpart C: intentional radiators. Section 15.247: operation within the bands 902–928 MHz, 240. http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2007/octqtr/47cfr15.247.htm. Accessed October 7, 2009. 6.Wikipedia. Advanced encryption standard. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard. Accessed October 7, 2009. 7.Continua Health Alliance. Continua Health Alliance looks to the future with the selection of two new low power radio standards, enabling expanded use cases. Press release. 2009. Jun 8, 8.Wikipedia. Diabetes mellitus type 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2. Accessed October 7, 2009. 9.WebMD. Diabetes and continuous glucose monitoring. http://diabetes.webmd.com/continuous-glucose-monitoring. Accessed February 10, 2010. Articles from Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology are provided here courtesy of Diabetes Technology Society
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Overview and Evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy: An Emerging Low-Power Wireless Technology
Gomez, C., Oller, J., & Paradells, J. (2012) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s120911734 · Cited by 967 · see citing works
Wang, H., Li, J., McDonald, B. E., Farrell, T. R., Huang, X., & Clancy, E. A. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23052465 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Omre, A. H., & Keeping, S.
- Affiliations
- Nordic Semiconductor (Norway) (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Keeping, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-03-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 457-463
- ISSN
- 1932-2968 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2864182
- OpenAlex
- W2149839741
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Wireless Sensor Networks for Data Analysis
- Keywords
- Bluetooth Low Energy, wireless sensors, remote patient monitoring, vital signs monitoring, diabetes management, home monitoring, radio frequency communication, interoperability, medical device adoption, blood glucose monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Computer Communication Networks, Costs and Cost Analysis, Diabetes Mellitus, Home Care Services, Humans, Licensure, Monitoring, Physiologic, Oxygen, Radio Waves, Telemetry, United States, Signal Transduction, United States Department of Agriculture, Telemedicine, Cell Phone
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