The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An Electromyographic Evaluation of Subdividing Active-Assistive Shoulder Elevation Exercises
Open accessAbstract
Background: Active-assistive range of motion exercises to gain shoulder elevation have been subdivided into gravity-minimized and upright-assisted exercises, yet no study has evaluated differences in muscular demands. Hypothesis: Compared with gravity-minimized exercises, upright-assisted exercises will generate larger electromyographic (EMG) activity. Compared with all active-assistive exercises, upright active forward elevation will generate more EMG activity. Study design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Fifteen healthy individuals participated in this study. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and anterior deltoid were evaluated. The independent variables were 11 exercises performed in random order. The dependent variable was the maximum EMG amplitude of each muscle that was normalized to a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Results: Each muscle demonstrated significant differences between exercises ( P < .001), with upright active forward elevation producing the greatest EMG for all muscles (95% confidence interval [CI], 12% to 50% MVIC). The orders of exercise varied by muscle, but the 5 gravity-minimized exercises always generated the lowest EMG activity. The upright-assisted exercises (95% CI, 23% to 42% MVIC) for the anterior deltoid generated more EMG activity than did the gravity-minimized exercises (95% CI, 9% to 21% MVIC) ( P < .05). The infraspinatus and supraspinatus demonstrated increasing trends in EMG activity from gravity minimized to upright assisted ( P > .05). Conclusion: The results suggest a clear distinction between gravity-minimized exercises and upright-assisted exercises for the anterior deltoid but not for the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. Between the 2 types of assisted exercises, the results also suggest a clear distinction in terms of active elevation of the arm for the supraspinatus and anterior deltoid but not for the infraspinatus. Clinical Relevance: Muscle activation levels increase as support is removed, but subdivision of active-assistive range of motion to protect the supraspinatus and infraspinatus may not be necessary.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“a fabricated citation entitled 'The neural basis of hallucinations' linked to an existent article entitled 'An Electromyographic Evaluation of Subdividing Active-Assistive Shoulder Elevation Exercises' (Gaunt et al., 2010)”
From ChatGPT and Bard exhibit spontaneous citation fabrication during psychiatry literature search (2023) · cites this paper as Gaunt et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures
Hermens, H. J., Freriks, B., Disselhorst-Klug, C., & Rau, G. (2000) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/s1050-6411(00)00027-4 · Cited by 7,213
The Use of Surface Electromyography in Biomechanics
De Luca, C. J. (1997) · Journal of Applied Biomechanics · doi:10.1123/jab.13.2.135 · Cited by 3,268
(1950) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1950.04040020187020 · Cited by 1,113
EMG analysis of the scapular muscles during a shoulder rehabilitation program
Moseley, J. B., Jobe, F. W., Pink, M., Perry, J., & Tibone, J. (1992) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/036354659202000206 · Cited by 575
An electromyographic analysis of the upper extremity in pitching
DiGiovine, N. M., Jobe, F. W., Pink, M., & Perry, J. (1992) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(09)80011-6 · Cited by 494
Recommendations for the standardization of lead positions in surface electromyography
Zipp, P. (1982) · European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00952243 · Cited by 464
Kuhn, J. E. (2009) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jse.2008.06.004 · Cited by 457
Lennon, S. (1994) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0031-9406(10)60803-6 · Cited by 420
Muscle Activity and Coordination in the Normal Shoulder: An Electromyographic Study
KRONBERG, M., NÉMETH, G., & BROSTRÖM, L.-A. (1990) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/00003086-199008000-00016 · Cited by 383
Surface myoelectric signal cross-talk among muscles of the leg
De Luca, C. J., & Merletti, R. (1988) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(88)90169-1 · Cited by 339
Denegar, C. R., & Ball, D. W. (1993) · Journal of Sport Rehabilitation · doi:10.1123/jsr.2.1.35 · Cited by 307
The Manual Muscle Examination for Rotator Cuff Strength: An Electromyographic Investigation
Kelly, B. T., Kadrmas, W. R., & Speer, K. P. (1996) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/036354659602400504 · Cited by 286
Reddy, A. S., Mohr, K. J., Pink, M. M., & Jobe, F. W. (2000) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1067/mse.2000.109410 · Cited by 222
A Kinematic and Electromyographic Study of Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises
McCann, P. D., Wootten, M. E., Kadaba, M. P., & Bigliani, L. U. (1993) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/00003086-199303000-00023 · Cited by 208
Levy, O., Mullett, H., Roberts, S. A., & Copeland, S. A. (2008) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jse.2008.04.005 · Cited by 175
Electromyographic analysis of deltoid and rotator cuff function under varying loads and speeds
Alpert, S. W., Pink, M. M., Jobe, F. W., McMahon, P. J., & Mathiyakom, W. (2000) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(00)90009-0 · Cited by 172
Buskirk, E. R., & Komi, P. V. (1970) · PubMed · Cited by 167
EMG and Fatigue of Human Voluntary and Stimulated Contractions
Bigland‐Ritchie, B. (1981) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470715420.ch9 · Cited by 156
Ghodadra, N. S., Provencher, M. T., Verma, N. N., Wilk, K. E., & Romeo, A. A. (2009) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2009.2918 · Cited by 92
Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Pain: Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Krupp, R. J., Kevern, M. A., Gaines, M. D., Kotara, S., & Singleton, S. B. (2008) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2009.2802 · Cited by 90
Electromyography of the Shoulder: An Analysis of Passive Modes of Exercise
Dockery, M. L., Wright, T. W., & LaStayo, P. C. (1998) · Orthopedics · doi:10.3928/0147-7447-19981101-05 · Cited by 77
Glenohumeral Arthritis and Its Management
Matsen, F. A., Clinton, J. M., Rockwood, C. A., Wirth, M. A., & Lippitt, S. B. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3427-8.50028-3 · Cited by 72
Smith, J., Padgett, D. J., Dahm, D. L., Kaufman, K. R., Harrington, S. P., Morrow, D. A., & Irby, S. E. (2004) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jse.2004.03.010 · Cited by 55
The effect of limb support on muscle activation during shoulder exercises
Wise, M. B., Uhl, T. L., Mattacola, C. G., Nitz, A. J., & Kibler, W. B. (2004) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jse.2004.04.006 · Cited by 54
Self-citationBøhmer, A. S., Staff, P. H., & Brox, J. I. (1998) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.3109/09593989809057152 · Cited by 48
Using surface electromyography to assess sex differences in neuromuscular response characteristics.
Shultz, S. J., & Perrin, D. H. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 47
Evaluation of Surface Electromyography During Maximal Voluntary Contraction
Bamman, M. M., Ingram, S., Caruso, J. F., & Greenisen, M. C. (1997) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-199705000-00002 · Cited by 43
Technical Considerations for Electromyographic Research on the Shoulder
Kelly, B. T., Cooper, L. W., Kirkendall, D. T., & Speer, K. P. (1997) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/00003086-199702000-00013 · Cited by 31
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Bamman MM, 1997, J Strength Cond Res, 11, 68
- Basmajian JV, 1985, Muscle Alive, Their Functions Revealed by Electromyography, 5, 19
- Bigland-Ritchie B, 1981, Ciba Found Symp, 82, 130
- Blackburn TA, 1990, J Ath Train, 25, 40
- Komi PV, 1970, Electromyography, 10, 357
- Matsen FA, 1998, The Shoulder, 840
- Shultz SJ, 1999, J Athl Train, 34, 165
Cited by
ChatGPT and Bard exhibit spontaneous citation fabrication during psychiatry literature search
McGowan, A., Gui, Y., Dobbs, M., Shuster, S., Cotter, M., Selloni, A., Goodman, M., Srivastava, A., Cecchi, G. A., & Corcoran, C. M. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115334 · Cited by 140
Metadata
- Authors
- Gaunt, B. W., McCluskey, G. M., & Uhl, T. L.
- Affiliations
- St Francis Rehabilitation Center, Columbus, Georgia
- St Francis Orthopaedic Institute, Columbus, Georgia
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gaunt, Bryce W.
- ORCID
- Uhl, Tim L.
- Venue
- Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 424-432
- ISSN
- 1941-0921 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-7381
- PMC
- PMC3445058
- OpenAlex
- W1865318306
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
- Locations
- Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Shoulder Injury and Treatment
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- shoulder elevation, muscle activation, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, anterior deltoid, range of motion exercises, shoulder rehabilitation, electromyography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
