Siliceous algae response to the “Great Acceleration” of the mid-20th century in Crawford Lake (Ontario, Canada): A potential candidate for the Anthropocene GSSP
Open accessAbstract
Diatom and chrysophyte assemblages from varved sediments of meromictic Crawford Lake, Ontario record major environmental changes resulting from spatially broadening anthropogenic environmental stressors related to the “Great Acceleration” in the mid-20th century. Biannual assessment of diatom and chrysophyte assemblages over the last ~200 years allowed for rate of change analysis between adjacent samples that increased substantially during the mid-20th century, concurrent with significant generalized additive model trends. Changes in diatom and chrysophyte assemblages were likely driven by multiple anthropogenic stressors including local forestry harvesting, agriculture, and milling activities, acidic deposition from regional industrial processes, and anthropogenic climate warming. Novel siliceous algal assemblages now exist in Crawford Lake, likely related to the complexities of the above mentioned local and regional stressors. The major assemblage changes at the proposed base of the Anthropocene Epoch detected in this study support the laminated sequence from Crawford Lake as a strong potential candidate for the Anthropocene GSSP.
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Samples taken for radiocarbon analysis and siliceous microfossils in June 2019 followed the chronology of Krueger (2012) that had assigned ages of 1953-1955 CE to three prominent white laminae near the center of a 2 cm-thick dark band in which the proposed base of the Anthropocene lies.
“Samples taken for radiocarbon analysis (Table 2) and siliceous microfossils in June 2019 (Gushulak et al., 2022) followed the chronology of Krueger (2012) that had assigned ages of 1953–1955 CE to three prominent white laminae near the center of a 2 cm-thick dark band in which the proposed base of the Anthropocene lies.”
From The varved succession of Crawford Lake, Milton, Ontario, Canada as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series (2023) · cites this paper as Gushulak et al., 2022
Abundant Mallomonas acaroides var. acaroides occur from ~1950 CE to the top of the core section.
“with abundant Mallomonas acaroides var. acaroides from ~1950 CE to the top of the core section (Gushulak et al., 2022; Marshall et al., 2023).”
From The varved succession of Crawford Lake, Milton, Ontario, Canada as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series (2023) · cites this paper as Gushulak et al., 2022
Increases in non-planktonic diatom taxa drive a major change in diatom assemblages at ~1942 and elevated concentrations of Asterionella formosa characterize diatom assemblages since ~1980 CE.
“Increases in non-planktonic diatom taxa drive a major change in diatom assemblages at ~1942 and elevated concentrations of Asterionella formosa characterize diatom assemblages since ~1980 CE (Ekdahl et al., 2004; Gushulak et al., 2022; Figures 1 and 17).”
From The varved succession of Crawford Lake, Milton, Ontario, Canada as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series (2023) · cites this paper as Gushulak et al., 2022
The dominance of Asterionella formosa since 1980 CE may suggest a response to a warmer climate, by comparison with changes in chrysophyte assemblages.
“This may suggest a response to a warmer climate, by comparison with changes in chrysophyte assemblages, as discussed in Gushulak et al. (2022).”
From The varved succession of Crawford Lake, Milton, Ontario, Canada as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series (2023) · cites this paper as Gushulak et al., 2022
Cites
Lewis, S. L., & Maslin, M. A. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14258 · Cited by 3,441 · cited 6× · see citing works
“A rapid change at this time could support the varved sediment sequence from Crawford Lake as suitable for defining the onset of the Anthropocene Epoch (Lewis and Maslin, 2015; Subramanian, 2019b).”
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McCarthy, F. M., Patterson, R. T., Head, M. J., Riddick, N. L., Cumming, B. F., Hamilton, P. B., Pisaric, M. F., Gushulak, A. C., Leavitt, P. R., Lafond, K. M., et al. (2023) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/20530196221149281 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“Samples aggregating 2–3 varve years between the early 19th and 20th centuries from core CRA19-2FT-B1 were processed for siliceous microfossil analysis at Queen’s University (Gushulak et al., 2022; Marshall, 2021) following the methodology of Battarbee et al.”
InfluentialSelf-citation
- Authors
- Gushulak, C. A., Marshall, M., Cumming, B. F., Llew-Williams, B., Timothy Patterson, R., & McCarthy, F. M.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- Brock University (CA)
- Carleton University, Canada
- Corresponding author
- Gushulak, Cale AC
- Venue
- The Anthropocene Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-09-18
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 571-590
- ISSN
- 2053-0196 (ISSN-L)
- 2053-020X
- OpenAlex
- W3200874300
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Anthropocene Review (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- NRCan Clean Technology ((#CGP-17-0704))
- Haus der Kulturen der Welt
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Diatoms and Algae Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- Great Acceleration, Anthropocene, Crawford Lake, diatoms, Chrysophyceae, varved sediments, meromictic lakes, acid deposition, agricultural impacts, milling, lake sediments
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