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“I Don’t let These Felonies Hold me Back!”: How Street-Identified Black Men and Women Use Resilience to Radically Reframe Reentry
Abstract
This street participatory action research project trained 15 local residents to document a community sample of street-identified Black men and women’s (ages 18–35 years) experiences with reentry in two low-income Black neighborhoods. The following multi-method data were collected: (a) 520 surveys; (b) 24 individual interviews; (c) four dual interviews; and (d) three group interviews. Descriptive and univariate analysis of variance analysis revealed most participants as a function of gender and age-groups held positive attitudes toward reentry, overall; positive attitudes toward returning citizens; negative attitudes toward reentry programs; and negative attitudes toward the reentry process. Qualitative analysis suggested negative experiences with reentry were the result of a racialized structural violence complex; and strategies employed to navigate reentry included legal and illegal approaches. Also, short and long-term goals with reentry were generally achieved through enduring major bouts of unemployment, economic poverty, and low-wage work.
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“As a result, alternative high schools frequently serve as the final opportunity for formerly incarcerated transition-age Black males to access essential academic and psychosocial supports upon release (Kelly, 1993;Lea et al., 2025;Payne & Brown, 2024).”
From School Reentry: Exploring Healing-Centered Mechanisms for Formerly Incarcerated Transition-Age Black Males in an Urban Intensive, Asset-Based Alternative School (2026) · cites this paper as Payne & Brown, 2024
In the citing paper
“It also redefines resilience as a dialectical process in which these youth both adapt to adversity during reentry and work to change the conditions that cause it (Abrams & Terry, 2017;Payne & Brown, 2024).”
From School Reentry: Exploring Healing-Centered Mechanisms for Formerly Incarcerated Transition-Age Black Males in an Urban Intensive, Asset-Based Alternative School (2026) · cites this paper as Payne & Brown, 2024
In the citing paper
“This suggests that supportive relationships with school staff can support formerly incarcerated Black males in avoiding reincarceration, which influences their mental health (Huerta et al., 2020;Lea et al., 2020;Payne & Brown, 2024;Phillippi et al., 2022).”
From School Reentry: Exploring Healing-Centered Mechanisms for Formerly Incarcerated Transition-Age Black Males in an Urban Intensive, Asset-Based Alternative School (2026) · cites this paper as Payne & Brown, 2024
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Metadata
- Authors
- Payne, Y. A., & Brown, T. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Delaware (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Corresponding author
- Payne, Yasser A.
- Venue
- Race and Justice
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-12-21
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 165-189
- ISSN
- 2153-3687 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4200458310
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Race and Justice (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- United Way of Delaware (Supplemental Grant)
- University of Delaware (Matching Grant)
- American Recovery Reinvestment Act: DE State Block Grant (N/A)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Keywords
- prisoner reentry, returning citizens, resilience, reentry programs, unemployment, economic poverty, low-wage employment, gender differences, age differences
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- Payne, Y. A., & Brown, T. M. (2024). “I Don’t let These Felonies Hold me Back!”: How Street-Identified Black Men and Women Use Resilience to Radically Reframe Reentry. Race and Justice. https://doi.org/10.1177/21533687211047948