CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 79Race, History, and American SocietyRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchMigration, Refugees, and Integration

“I Am Blacker Than You” Theorizing Conflict Between African Immigrants and African Americans in the United States

Open access
Okonofua, Benjamin Aigbe·2013·Sage Open
DOI 10.1177/2158244013499162
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This paper attempts to place the African immigrant and the African American in the context of their conditions in the United States. It addresses the issue of Americanization and the development of multiple identities that is fundamental to the contestation of “Blackness” in the United States. More importantly, the study discusses resource allocation and appropriation as critical to understanding the schisms between the African immigrant and the African American, focusing especially on how the conflict and tension potentially benefits other racial categories. It highlights the fact that conflict and tension between both groups result directly from the dominant White racial framing, wherein powerless groups unable to effectively challenge the forces that oppress them, attack themselves or people like themselves. To explain this complex interaction between Whites, African immigrants, and African Americans, this paper develops the theory of manipulative deflection, the central tenet of which is the subjective experience of deprivation that diminishes the construction of a holistic Black identity and produces confusion and conflict among Blacks in the United States.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/2158244013499162

Cites

92 of 92 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Okonofua, B. A.
Affiliations
University of Benin (NG)
Corresponding author
Okonofua, Benjamin Aigbe
Venue
Sage Open
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2013-07-01
Volume
3
Issue
3
ISSN
2158-2440 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1177/2158244013499162
OpenAlex
W2126325508
Cited by
79
References
92
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
FWCI
3.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • SAGE Open (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Race, History, and American Society
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Keywords
African immigrants, African Americans, Blackness, Americanization, multiple identities, resource allocation, racial conflict, Black identity, racial classification

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review