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The relationship between Vitamin D, autistic spectrum disorders, and cognitive development: do glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor play a role in this relationship?
Abstract
Objective: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the effects of Vitamin D on cognitive development and autism. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between autism, cognitive developmental delay and behavioral problems. We also aimed to examine the possible mechanisms of interaction between nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels.Methods: Sixty-four toddlers with developmental delay participated in the study. In the initial assessment, the cases were subjected to a psychiatric examination and developmental tests. Vitamin D, GDNF, and NGF levels were observed. Patients who had low vitamin D levels received replacement treatment. Six months later, the same measures were repeated.Results: Significant progress in autistic symptoms and development scores were determined for the group receiving vitamin D replacement. A negative correlation was found between vitamin D levels and NGF levels. Development scores and GDNF levels were found to be positively correlated in patients who were diagnosed with only cognitive development delay.Conclusions: Measuring vitamin D levels and replacing them if they are low may be beneficial in children with developmental delay, particularly those who also have autistic spectrum disorders. NGF may be more related to autism spectrum disorders, while GDNF seems to be more related with global developmental delay.
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In the citing paper
“It should be noted that the findings from this study cannot be extrapolated to children with ASD only.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [141]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, children were not randomly assigned to study groups and neither baseline nor follow up 25(OH)D concentrations were reported.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [141]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, children were not randomly assigned to study groups and neither baseline nor follow up 25(OH)D concentrations were reported.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [141]
In the citing paper
“In another study from Turkey, however, despite improvement in scores on ABC and Denver II in both treatment and control groups, Ucuz et al. (2015) failed to show any significant differences across groups [141].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [141]
In the citing paper
“In summary, although these early interventional studies provided encouraging results, no firm conclusions can be drawn until randomised placebo-controlled trials with sufficient sample size are undertaken.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [141]
In the citing paper
“To note, the improvement was more pronounced in those receiving vitamin D supplement.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [141]
In the citing paper
“In another study from Turkey, however, despite improvement in scores on ABC and Denver II in both treatment and control groups, Ucuz et al. (2015) failed to show any significant differences across groups [141].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [141]
In the citing paper
“This study had a small sample size of <11 participants per group.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [141]
Citations
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References 41 · Cited by 18
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Eyles D, 2011, Semincell Dev. Biol., 22, 629
- Irmak T, 2007, Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 14, 13
- Ivanova MY, 2010, J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 49, 1215
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ucuz, İ. İ., Dursun, O. B., Esin, İ. S., Özgeriş, F. B., Kurt, N., Kiziltunç, A., & Orbak, Z.
- Affiliations
- Atatürk University (TR)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
- Corresponding author
- Dursun, Onur Burak
- Venue
- International Journal of Developmental Disabilities
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-09-30
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 222-230
- ISSN
- 2047-3869 (ISSN-L)
- 2047-3877
- OpenAlex
- W2080554618
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Developmental Disabilities (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- vitamin D, autism spectrum disorder, cognitive development, developmental delay, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, vitamin D supplementation, toddlers, neurotrophic factors, behavioral problems
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